CAREER: Advancing the science and education of land surface-atmosphere interactions: Interweaving multiscale experimental and modeling approaches for Land Surface Models

职业：推进地表-大气相互作用的科学和教育：将地表模型的多尺度实验和建模方法交织在一起

• 批准号: 1929792
• 负责人: Kathleen Smits
• 金额: $ 26.46万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Arlington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1929792&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Advancing; science; education; land

CAREER: Advancing the science and education of land surface-atmosphere interactions: Interweaving multiscale experimental and modeling approaches for Land Surface Models and experiential learning A critical challenge for Land Surface Models (LSMs) is to simulate processes at the surface and the subsurface and their feedbacks to the atmosphere. Even given the same climate forcings, LSMs predict different surface fluxes and soil moisture conditions. This is due to differences in the formulations of individual processes, parameterizations of those formulations, numerical solution methods and representation of spatial heterogeneity. All of these differences contribute to LSM prediction errors and uncertainty. Increasing confidence in climate predictions requires revisiting fundamental process understanding and using that understanding to improve representations of land-atmosphere feedbacks. This research seeks to address this challenge by answering questions on multiphase fluid transport mechanisms in surface soils and mass/energy exchange at the soil-atmosphere interface. New knowledge and modeling approaches will result in improved predictions for water supply and food security as well as environmental issues across the nation. Linked to the research plan is an educational framework for engaging minority middle school students in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). Focusing on the integrating theme of water and climate, the investigator will help students make the link between STEM they learn in the classroom and environmental water resource problems in their own backyards, motivating and preparing students to pursue college studies and ultimately careers in STEM fields. The integrated activities will help to build a scientifically literate and informed citizenry, while also answering critical water and climate questions. This project will contribute substantially to the goals of the NSF in the production of interdisciplinary knowledge and the education of middle-school students, young scientists and engineers. The overarching goal of this research is to advance our understanding and modeling of mass and energy exchange at the land-atmosphere interface over a wide range of scales, and ultimately improve LSMs that are utilized in global climate prediction. The proposed research will systematically explore how the shallow subsurface and the atmosphere, specifically the layer very close to the soil surface, interact, providing new insights into mass and thermal flux process interactions that will be integrated into LSMs. A focus on scaling based on process understanding at multiple scales will allow for process-rich parameterizations for multiple land-atmosphere interaction and subsurface processes that contribute to LSMs. This vision includes unique highly controlled mechanistic studies in the laboratory, leveraging of existing laboratory and field data, modeling of critical mass and energy dynamics, and the characterization of important interactions from the laboratory to the watershed scales that drive feedbacks to climate systems. Project results will yield unique, high-fidelity data that will greatly aid in improving our understanding and modeling of the processes affected by heterogeneity at various scales and the development of methods to mechanistically represent the proposed processes at the watershed scale. A suite of climate intermediate, and fine scale computational models will be used to guide observations and interpret data; process studies will provide new algorithms and process parameterizations and evaluate model performance. Computational models in conjunction with experimental data will enable the investigator to understand governing flow and transport mechanisms under different atmospheric forcing at different scales. This research is expected to improve the representation of mass and energy exchange processes across multiple scales at the soil-land-atmosphere interface.

研究方向：推进地表-大气相互作用的科学与教育：交织地表模式和经验学习的多尺度实验和建模方法。地表模式（LSMs）面临的一个关键挑战是模拟地表和地下的过程及其对大气的反馈。即使给定相同的气候强迫，LSMs预测的地表通量和土壤湿度条件也不同。这是由于个别过程的公式、这些公式的参数化、数值解方法和空间异质性的表示存在差异。所有这些差异都导致了LSM预测误差和不确定性。提高对气候预测的信心需要重新审视对基本过程的理解，并利用这种理解来改进陆地-大气反馈的表示。本研究试图通过回答有关土壤表面多相流体输送机制和土壤-大气界面质量/能量交换的问题来解决这一挑战。新的知识和建模方法将导致对全国供水和粮食安全以及环境问题的改进预测。与研究计划相关联的是一个让少数民族中学生参与科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）的教育框架。专注于水和气候的整合主题，研究者将帮助学生将他们在课堂上学到的STEM与他们自己后院的环境水资源问题联系起来，激励和准备学生继续在STEM领域的大学学习并最终从事STEM领域的职业。这些综合活动将有助于建立一支具有科学素养和知情的公民队伍，同时也将回答关键的水和气候问题。该项目将为美国国家科学基金会在跨学科知识的生产和中学生、青年科学家和工程师的教育方面的目标做出重大贡献。本研究的总体目标是促进我们对大尺度陆地-大气界面质量和能量交换的理解和建模，并最终改进用于全球气候预测的lsm。所提出的研究将系统地探索浅层地下和大气，特别是非常接近土壤表面的层，如何相互作用，为将整合到lsm中的质量和热通量过程相互作用提供新的见解。基于多尺度过程理解的尺度化重点将允许对多种陆地-大气相互作用和有助于lsm的地下过程进行过程丰富的参数化。这一愿景包括在实验室中进行独特的高度受控的机制研究，利用现有的实验室和现场数据，建立临界质量和能量动力学模型，以及描述从实验室到流域尺度的重要相互作用，这些相互作用驱动对气候系统的反馈。项目结果将产生独特的、高保真度的数据，这将极大地有助于提高我们对各种尺度上受异质性影响的过程的理解和建模，并有助于开发在流域尺度上机械地表示所提议的过程的方法。一套气候中尺度和精细尺度计算模式将用于指导观测和解释数据；过程研究将提供新的算法和过程参数化，并评估模型性能。结合实验数据的计算模型将使研究人员能够了解不同尺度下不同大气强迫下的控制流和输送机制。该研究有望改善土壤-陆地-大气界面多尺度质量和能量交换过程的表征。