Planning Grant: Engineering Research Center for Wind Integrated with Storage for Energy Resilience (WISER)

就总新增装机容量而言，风能是全国和全球最大的增长能源；根据美国能源情报署(EIA)的数据，仅2019年全国范围内预计就有8千兆瓦上线。随着风能净渗透率的增加，其随机送电使其难以在电网中作为以需求为中心的可调度资源使用。NSF ERC建议的解决方案是将能源存储整合到风电场基础设施中，以促进按需经济地输送能源。应对这一挑战的机会得益于最近的新兴技术，包括越来越多的大型风力涡轮机，风能自主控制方面的进展，以及最重要的是，化学、材料、热力学和能源经济分析方面的新突破。发展和转化所有这些领域的基础科学将使一台涡轮机能够储存超过24小时的平均电力。要实现这一目标，需要高度整合的多学科学术研究和教育，以及与广泛的行业合作伙伴的大力参与，所有这些都将被考虑在新的NSF ERC的规划拨款中，题为风能与能源弹性存储(WISER)。ERC关于风能与储存相结合的高渗透率的规划拨款将寻求通过跨这些不同领域的想法和概念的交叉授粉来揭示关键的基本技术、经济和社会问题。这些问题将为ERC通过调查压缩空气储能、液态金属电池和直接集成到极大型涡轮机(10兆瓦以上)、风力发电场和电网本身中的流动电池来开发新一代具有成本效益的风力储存奠定基础。要实现这一目标，需要在以下方面获得新的知识和突破：a)极端规模的存储和风能技术的效率、格式和耐用性；b)将存储与风能发电和电网基础设施相结合并加以利用的战略；c)有效地利用自主电力控制实现综合系统动态；以及d)基于市场的收益设计和适应性，以优化这些系统以满足电网弹性和电力需求。WISER计划拨款将通过新颖的学生实习、课程作业以及与主要行业联盟的广泛参与，培养一支具有全球竞争力的多元化劳动力队伍，这些联盟将把这项技术商业化、制造、安装和运营。通过这些深刻的影响，WISTER ERC将提供新一代“按需可再生能源”，这将增加可再生能源的普及率，并增强电网的弹性。更广泛地说，这将直接提高美国在能源独立、环境、基础设施、劳动力和全球制造业方面的领先地位。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Wind energy represents the largest growing energy source nationally and globally in terms of total added capacity; with an expected 8 GW coming online nationally in 2019 alone according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). As the net penetration of wind energy increases, its random delivery of electricity makes it difficult to use as a demand-focused dispatchable resource within the electric power grid. The proposed solution of the NSF ERC entitled Wind Integrated with Storage for Energy Resilience (WISER) is to integrate energy storage into the wind farm infrastructure to facilitate the economic delivery of energy on demand. The opportunity to address this challenge is enabled by recent emergent technologies, including the growing number of larger wind turbines, advances in autonomous control of wind energy, and, most importantly, new breakthroughs in chemistry, materials, thermodynamics, and energy economic analysis. Developing and translating fundamental science in all these areas will allow more than 24 hours of average power to be stored in a single turbine. Achieving this will require highly integrated multidisciplinary academic research and education as well as strong engagement with a wide host of industry partners, all of which will be considered in the planning grant for a new NSF ERC entitled Wind Integrated with Storage for Energy Resilience (WISER). The ERC planning grant for high penetration of wind energy integrated with storage will seek to uncover the key fundamental technical, economic, and societal questions using cross-pollination of ideas and concepts across these different fields. These questions will set the stage for an ERC to develop a new generation of cost-effective wind storage by investigating compressed air energy storage, liquid metal batteries, and flow batteries directly integrated into extreme-scale turbines (10+ MW), wind farms, and the grid itself. Achieving this will require new knowledge and breakthroughs in: a) the efficiency, formatting, and durability of storage and wind technology at extreme-scales, b) strategies to integrate and leverage storage with wind energy generation and grid infrastructure, c) effective use of autonomous power control for the integrated system dynamics, and d) market-based revenue design and adaptivity to optimize these systems for grid resilience and power demand. The WISER planning grant will develop a globally- competitive diverse workforce through novel student internships, coursework, and pervasive engagement with the key industry alliances that will commercialize, manufacture, install and operate this technology. Through these profound impacts, the WISER ERC will provide a new generation of "renewable energy on demand" that will power increases in renewable energy penetration and enhance the resilience of the power grid. More broadly, this will directly enhance the USA's energy independence, environment, infrastructure, workforce, and global manufacturing leadership.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.