Testing risk communication strategies designed to address cognitive simplifications that underlie factually erroneous beliefs about scientific issues
测试旨在解决认知简化问题的风险沟通策略,这些认知简化是对科学问题的事实错误信念的基础
基本信息
- 批准号:1948572
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 42.78万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2020
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2020-06-15 至 2024-05-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Much remains to be learned about communicating science effectively. When people process complex information, they often simplify it in order to understand it. To facilitate this process, simplification is necessary in almost all science communication. However, the exact form of simplification is key, especially with controversial issues.. This is because some simplifications may confuse people, or even be exploited to intentionally mislead them. This project tests risk communication strategies designed to address the cognitive simplifications that underlie factually erroneous beliefs about scientific issues in situations where such misunderstandings may be likely to lead to suboptimal intentions and decisions. The research also tests the effects of explicitly acknowledging scientific uncertainty on trust in the information provided. Previous research shows that overstating the certainty of the science may invite skepticism. In sum, this project will contribute to a better understanding of how lay audiences think about complex scientific issues and uncertainty as well as to the development of risk communication strategies based on those principles. The project will identify strategies that can be adopted by science educators and risk communicators to help audiences to understand complex risks that subsume critical science elements. Successful science and risk communication depend critically on first understanding how people process complex information. When people think about complex scientific issues, they tend to use shortcuts and more readily accept information consistent with their own prior beliefs. Communication strategies that are guided by cognitive principles can minimize the weaknesses and capitalize on the strengths of the human information processing system. This project will develop and test communication strategies targeting known simplifications that tend to reduce processing load, but also can lead to misunderstandings that reduce the perceived seriousness and urgency of the risk. Because people may not be aware of the assumptions upon which their understanding is based, providing explanations illuminating those steps may allow non-experts to achieve an unbiased and better-rounded understanding of the issue. As a result, they may come to better appreciate the scientifically-assessed seriousness of the problem and to better identify effective mitigative actions. These hypotheses will be tested on nationally representative samples, in experiments that systematically examine the extent to which targeted communication strategies influence trust, individual reasoning, mental models, attitudes, emotions, and decisions, controlling for key factors previously identified as being associated with science-oriented attitudes, including political ideology, age, race and ethnicity. The cognitive experimental approach proposed here is novel and will make important contributions to the psychology of risk communication, as well as to the study of higher order cognition (e.g., decision making) by applying interventions based on dual process theories and mental model constructs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
在有效传播科学方面仍有许多东西有待学习。人们在处理复杂的信息时,往往为了理解信息而将其简化,为了促进这一过程,简化在几乎所有的科学交流中都必不可少。然而,简化的确切形式是关键,特别是有争议的问题。这是因为一些简化可能会让人们感到困惑,甚至被利用来故意误导他们。该项目测试了旨在解决认知简化的风险沟通策略,这些认知简化是在这种误解可能导致次优意图和决策的情况下对科学问题的事实错误信念的基础。该研究还测试了明确承认科学不确定性对所提供信息的信任的影响。先前的研究表明,夸大科学的确定性可能会招致怀疑。 总之,该项目将有助于更好地了解普通受众如何看待复杂的科学问题和不确定性,以及根据这些原则制定风险沟通战略。该项目将确定科学教育工作者和风险传播者可以采取的战略,以帮助受众了解危及关键科学要素的复杂风险。成功的科学和风险沟通关键取决于首先了解人们如何处理复杂的信息。当人们思考复杂的科学问题时,他们倾向于使用捷径,更容易接受与自己先前信念一致的信息。 以认知原则为指导的沟通策略可以最大限度地减少人类信息处理系统的弱点,并利用其优势。该项目将开发和测试针对已知简化的沟通策略,这些简化往往会减少处理负荷,但也可能导致误解,从而降低风险的严重性和紧迫性。因为人们可能不知道他们的理解所基于的假设,提供解释说明这些步骤可能会让非专家对问题有一个公正和更全面的理解。因此,他们可能会更好地理解经科学评估的问题的严重性,并更好地确定有效的缓解行动。 这些假设将在全国代表性样本上进行测试,在实验中系统地检查有针对性的沟通策略影响信任,个人推理,心理模型,态度,情绪和决策的程度,控制先前确定的与科学导向的态度相关的关键因素,包括政治意识形态,年龄,种族和民族。本文提出的认知实验方法是新颖的,将对风险沟通心理学以及高阶认知(例如,该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(1)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Great expectations for earthquake early warnings on the United States West Coast
美国西海岸地震预警寄予厚望
- DOI:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103296
- 发表时间:2022
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:5
- 作者:Bostrom, Ann;McBride, Sara K.;Becker, Julia S.;Goltz, James D.;Groot, Robert-Michael de;Peek, Lori;Terbush, Brian;Dixon, Maximilian
- 通讯作者:Dixon, Maximilian
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Ann Bostrom其他文献
The value of convergence research for developing trustworthy AI for weather, climate, and ocean hazards
融合研究对于开发针对天气、气候和海洋灾害的可靠人工智能的价值
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2024 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Amy McGovern;Julie L. Demuth;Ann Bostrom;Christopher D. Wirz;Philippe Tissot;Mariana G. Cains;Kate D. Musgrave - 通讯作者:
Kate D. Musgrave
サステナビリティ開示
可持续发展披露
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2022 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Alicia Y.E. Ahn;Hiroki Takikawa;Elizabeth Maly;Ann Bostrom;Shinichi Kuriyama;Hiroko Matsubara;Takako Izumi;Tetsuya Torayashiki;Fumihiko Imamura;阪智香 - 通讯作者:
阪智香
Capturing Geotechnical Extreme Event Performance with the NHERI RAPID
使用 NHERI RAPID 捕捉岩土极端事件性能
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2021 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
J. Wartman;J. Berman;M. Olsen;J. Irish;Kurtis Gurley;Scott B. Miles;L. Lowes;T. Tanner;Ann Bostrom;M. Grilliot;A. Lyda;Jaqueline Peltier - 通讯作者:
Jaqueline Peltier
AI2ES: The NSF AI Institute for Research on Trustworthy AI for Weather, Climate, and Coastal Oceanography
AI2ES:美国国家科学基金会人工智能研究所,致力于天气、气候和沿海海洋学领域的可信人工智能研究
- DOI:
10.1002/aaai.12160 - 发表时间:
2024 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Amy McGovern;Imme Ebert;Elizabeth A. Barnes;Ann Bostrom;Mariana G Cains;Phillip Davis;J. Demuth;Dimitrios I. Diochnos;Andrew H. Fagg;Philippe Tissot;John K. Williams;Christopher D. Wirz - 通讯作者:
Christopher D. Wirz
Improving Tropical Cyclone Forecast Communication by Understanding NWS Partners’ Decision Timelines and Forecast Information Needs
通过了解 NWS 合作伙伴的决策时间表和预报信息需求来改善热带气旋预报沟通
- DOI:
10.1175/wcas-d-21-0170.1 - 发表时间:
2022 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
R. Morss;Jamie Vickery;H. Lazrus;J. Demuth;Ann Bostrom - 通讯作者:
Ann Bostrom
Ann Bostrom的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Ann Bostrom', 18)}}的其他基金
Doctoral Dissertation Research in DRMS: Assessing international non-governmental organization influences on coastal resource management by communities and users
DRMS 博士论文研究:评估国际非政府组织对社区和用户沿海资源管理的影响
- 批准号:
1757000 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 42.78万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Proposal for a Japan-U.S. Symposium on Risk Communication
关于召开日美风险沟通研讨会的提案
- 批准号:
1449627 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 42.78万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Discounting the Future in Strategic Interactions in a Heterogeneous Population
博士论文研究:在异质群体中的战略互动中贴现未来
- 批准号:
1155962 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 42.78万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: DRU--Warning Decisions in Extreme Weather Events: An Integrated Multi-Method Approach
合作研究:DRU--极端天气事件的预警决策:一种综合的多方法方法
- 批准号:
0729302 - 财政年份:2008
- 资助金额:
$ 42.78万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Economic and Environmental Risk Perceptions: Determinants of Environmental Policy in Transitional Societies
经济和环境风险认知:转型社会环境政策的决定因素
- 批准号:
9602098 - 财政年份:1996
- 资助金额:
$ 42.78万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research in Decision, Risk, and Management Science
决策、风险和管理科学领域的合作研究
- 批准号:
9209553 - 财政年份:1992
- 资助金额:
$ 42.78万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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