A mechanistic approach to predicting the ecological and evolutionary consequences of environmental change

预测环境变化的生态和进化后果的机械方法

• 批准号: 1949796
• 负责人: Priyanga Amarasekare
• 金额: $ 65.29万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1949796&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: mechanistic; approach; predicting; ecological; evolutionary

Rapid environmental changes influence the interactions between insect pests and their natural enemies (predators, parasites). Pest insects that attack crops cause harm, but insects that parasitize pests are beneficial because they provide an alternative to pesticide use. Rising temperatures across the globe are benefiting harmful insects while harming beneficial ones, increasing the risk of pest outbreaks that can compromise the nation’s food supply. Understanding how species withstand and adjust to changing temperatures is therefore a critical research priority. The project will provide training at postdoctoral, graduate and undergraduate levels, a key aspect of which is the integration of theory and data to address scientific problems that have significant societal applications. Through the development of models that can forecast the effects of rising temperatures on biological pest control, this project will directly contribute to improving existing methods of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). This project will develop theory and experiments to elucidate the mechanisms by which insects and other ectotherms respond to temperature changes in the short term (acclimation) and the long-term (adaptation). The theoretical component involves developing mathematical models that explicitly incorporate the developmental time delays that characterize the complex life cycles of ectotherms. The goal is to understand how such delays influence acclimation and adaptation of pests and natural enemies to temperature changes involving both an increase in the mean temperature as well as the size of temperature fluctuations. The empirical component of the project involves testing model predictions using an insect community that shares many features of pest-enemy interactions and thus serves as a model system for investigating how rising temperatures influence the efficacy of biological pest control. A novel aspect of the experiments is that they will allow observations of acclimation and adaptation in real time, through the monitoring of insect populations in controlled environmental chambers. The tight integration of theory and data serves to yield results that can not only explain how past increases in temperature influence species interactions in general and pest-enemy interactions in particular, but also to predict how future increases will influence biodiversity and pest control.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

环境的快速变化影响着害虫与它们的天敌(捕食者、寄生虫)之间的相互作用。攻击农作物的害虫会造成伤害，但寄生害虫的昆虫是有益的，因为它们提供了杀虫剂使用的替代方案。全球气温上升在损害有益昆虫的同时有利于有害昆虫，增加了虫害暴发的风险，从而危及国家的粮食供应。因此，了解物种如何抵御和适应不断变化的温度是一个关键的研究重点。该项目将提供博士后、研究生和本科生级别的培训，其中一个关键方面是整合理论和数据，以解决具有重大社会应用的科学问题。通过开发能够预测气温上升对病虫害生物控制影响的模型，该项目将直接有助于改进现有的病虫害综合管理方法。该项目将发展理论和实验，以阐明昆虫和其他外温动物在短期(驯化)和长期(适应)温度变化时的反应机制。理论部分涉及开发数学模型，该模型明确包含描述外温体复杂生命周期的发育时间延迟。目标是了解这种延迟如何影响害虫和天敌对温度变化的适应和适应，温度变化既包括平均温度的增加，也包括温度波动的大小。该项目的经验部分涉及使用一个昆虫群落来测试模型预测，该群落具有许多害虫-敌人相互作用的特征，因此作为一个模型系统，研究气温上升如何影响生物害虫控制的效果。实验的一个新方面是，它们将通过监测受控环境舱中的昆虫种群，实时观察驯化和适应情况。理论和数据的紧密结合产生的结果不仅可以解释过去气温上升如何影响总体上的物种相互作用，特别是害虫与敌人的相互作用，而且还可以预测未来气温上升将如何影响生物多样性和害虫控制。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Persistence of tri‐trophic interactions in seasonal environments

季节性环境中三营养相互作用的持续存在

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13368
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Animal Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Casas Goncalves, Guilherme;Amarasekare, Priyanga;Stouffer, ed., Daniel
• 通讯作者: Stouffer, ed., Daniel

Ecological Constraints on the Evolution of Consumer Functional Responses

消费者功能反应演化的生态约束

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.836644
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Amarasekare, Priyanga

Surviving Racism and Sexism in Academia: Sharing Experiences, Insights, and Perspectives

克服学术界的种族主义和性别歧视：分享经验、见解和观点

• DOI: 10.1002/bes2.2033
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
• 作者: Martínez‐Blancas, Alejandra;Bender, Arona;Zepeda, Verónica;McGuire, Rosa;Tabares, Olivia;Amarasekare, Priyanga;Mastretta‐Yanes, Alicia;Miriti, Maria;Santos, Ana M.;Vaz, Marcel C.
• 通讯作者: Vaz, Marcel C.

Predicting the Spread of Vector-Borne Diseases in a Warming World

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.758277
• 发表时间: 2022-04-25
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Endo, Andrew;Amarasekare, Priyanga
• 通讯作者: Amarasekare, Priyanga

Increase in heat tolerance following a period of heat stress in a naturally occurring insect species

自然发生的昆虫在经历一段热应激期后耐热性增强

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13995
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Animal Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Ardelan, Andre;Tsai, Anne;Will, Sophia;McGuire, Rosa;Amarasekare, Priyanga
• 通讯作者: Amarasekare, Priyanga