A multi-Consumer Perspective of Consumer-Resource Dynamics

消费者资源动态的多消费者视角

• 批准号: 0129270
• 负责人: Priyanga Amarasekare
• 金额: $ 37.88万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-01-01 至 2005-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0129270&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: multi; Consumer; Perspective; Resource; Dynamics

Proposal Number: DEB-01-29270Proposal Title: A multi-species perspective of consumer-resource dynamicsPI Name: Priyanga AmarasekareInstitution: University of Chicago This research investigates how multiple predator and parasite species influence the dynamics (change in abundance) of their common prey or host species. The ecological system that is the focus of research is the harlequin bug and two parasitoid species (parasitic insects that grow on and kill other insects) that attack the bug's eggs in southern California. The system presents a puzzle: multiple parasitoid species can coexist on the same host stage as well as reduce fluctuations in host abundance. Solving the puzzle requires understanding the mechanism(s) by which both parasitoid species coexist on a single host species, and how these mechanism(s) in turn influence the parasitoids' effect on the host. The first goal is to distinguish between two hypotheses that address mechanisms of parasitoid coexistence are intraguild predation (IGP) and temporal niche partitioning (TNP). Intraguild predation predicts that species will coexist because one species is superior at attacking unparasitized hosts while the other species is superior at attacking hosts already parasitized by the first (multiparasitism). Temporal niche partitioning predicts that species will coexist because each is superior at attacking hosts at different times of the year. Predictions for the two hypotheses will be tested via manipulative field experiments. Understanding how coexisting parasitoid species influence host population dynamics will be the domain of mathematical models that explore the impact of parasitoids on host abundance and variability under different mechanisms of coexistence (IGP vs. TNP). This research is novel because it investigates how multiple consumer species influence the dynamics of a shared resource, a poorly understood issue that is critical to the maintenance of species diversity. It also has applied significance. The decision to release single or multiple natural enemies to control a pest, an issue at the heart of biological pest control, depends crucially on the mechanisms by which natural enemies coexist on a given pest species. Linking mechanisms of resource use with population dynamics allows us to predict which combinations of natural enemies provide the most effective control of a pest.

提案编号：DEB-01-29270 PROPOPALOPOSALE标题：消费者资源动力学的多物种观点名称：Priyanga amarasekareinstitution：芝加哥大学这项研究研究了多个捕食者和寄生虫物种如何影响其共同珍珠或宿主物种的动态（变化）。 研究重点的生态系统是骚扰虫和两种寄生虫物种（寄生昆虫生长并杀死其他昆虫），它们攻击了南加州的虫子。 该系统提出了一个难题：多种寄生虫可以在同一宿主阶段共存，并减少宿主丰度的波动。 解决难题需要了解两种寄生虫物种在单个宿主物种上共存的机制，以及这些机制又如何影响寄生虫对宿主的影响。 第一个目标是区分解决寄生虫共存机制的两个假设是内部捕食（IGP）和时间壁riche分区（TNP）。 内部捕食预测物种将共存，因为一个物种在攻击无寄放的宿主方面表现出色，而其他物种在攻击寄主的攻击宿主方面表现出色（多种含量）。 暂时的小众分区预测物种将共存，因为在一年中的不同时间都在攻击宿主方面都优越。 这两个假设的预测将通过操纵场实验进行测试。 了解共存的寄生虫物种如何影响宿主种群动态，这将是数学模型的领域，探索寄生虫对宿主丰度和可变性的影响在不同的共存机制下（IGP与TNP）。 这项研究之所以新颖，是因为它研究了多种消费物种如何影响共享资源的动态，这对于维持物种多样性至关重要的问题很少。 它也具有重要意义。 释放单个或多个自然敌人控制害虫的决定，这是生物害虫控制的核心，这取决于自然敌人在给定的害虫物种上共存的机制。 将资源使用的机制与人口动态联系起来，使我们能够预测自然敌人的哪些组合可以提供害虫的最有效控制。