A multi-Consumer Perspective of Consumer-Resource Dynamics

消费者资源动态的多消费者视角

• 批准号: 0129270
• 负责人: Priyanga Amarasekare
• 金额: $ 37.88万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-01-01 至 2005-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0129270&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: multi; Consumer; Perspective; Resource; Dynamics

Proposal Number: DEB-01-29270Proposal Title: A multi-species perspective of consumer-resource dynamicsPI Name: Priyanga AmarasekareInstitution: University of Chicago This research investigates how multiple predator and parasite species influence the dynamics (change in abundance) of their common prey or host species. The ecological system that is the focus of research is the harlequin bug and two parasitoid species (parasitic insects that grow on and kill other insects) that attack the bug's eggs in southern California. The system presents a puzzle: multiple parasitoid species can coexist on the same host stage as well as reduce fluctuations in host abundance. Solving the puzzle requires understanding the mechanism(s) by which both parasitoid species coexist on a single host species, and how these mechanism(s) in turn influence the parasitoids' effect on the host. The first goal is to distinguish between two hypotheses that address mechanisms of parasitoid coexistence are intraguild predation (IGP) and temporal niche partitioning (TNP). Intraguild predation predicts that species will coexist because one species is superior at attacking unparasitized hosts while the other species is superior at attacking hosts already parasitized by the first (multiparasitism). Temporal niche partitioning predicts that species will coexist because each is superior at attacking hosts at different times of the year. Predictions for the two hypotheses will be tested via manipulative field experiments. Understanding how coexisting parasitoid species influence host population dynamics will be the domain of mathematical models that explore the impact of parasitoids on host abundance and variability under different mechanisms of coexistence (IGP vs. TNP). This research is novel because it investigates how multiple consumer species influence the dynamics of a shared resource, a poorly understood issue that is critical to the maintenance of species diversity. It also has applied significance. The decision to release single or multiple natural enemies to control a pest, an issue at the heart of biological pest control, depends crucially on the mechanisms by which natural enemies coexist on a given pest species. Linking mechanisms of resource use with population dynamics allows us to predict which combinations of natural enemies provide the most effective control of a pest.

提案编号： DEB-01- 29270提案标题：消费者资源动态的多物种视角PI姓名： Priyanga Amarasekare机构： 芝加哥大学这项研究调查了多种捕食者和寄生虫物种如何影响其共同猎物或宿主物种的动态（丰度变化）。 生态系统是研究的重点，是丑角虫和两种寄生虫物种（寄生昆虫生长在其他昆虫上并杀死其他昆虫），它们攻击加州南部的虫卵。 该系统提出了一个难题：多个寄生蜂物种可以共存于同一宿主阶段，以及减少宿主丰度的波动。 解决这个难题需要了解两种寄生蜂在同一宿主上共存的机制，以及这些机制如何反过来影响寄生蜂对宿主的影响。 第一个目标是区分两个假设，解决机制的寄生虫共存的行会内捕食（IGP）和时间生态位分区（TNP）。 由于一个物种在攻击未被寄生的宿主时是上级的，而另一个物种在攻击已经被第一个物种寄生的宿主时是上级的（多重寄生），因此内团捕食预测物种将共存。 时间生态位划分预测，物种将共存，因为每个是上级在攻击主机在一年中的不同时间。 这两个假设的预测将通过操纵现场实验进行测试。 了解如何共存的寄生虫物种的影响主机的人口动态将是域的数学模型，探讨寄生虫对主机的丰度和变异性的影响下，不同的共存机制（IGP与TNP）。 这项研究是新颖的，因为它调查了多个消费物种如何影响共享资源的动态，这是一个对维持物种多样性至关重要的知之甚少的问题。 它也具有应用意义。 释放单个或多个天敌来控制害虫的决定，是害虫生物控制的核心问题，关键取决于天敌在给定害虫物种上共存的机制。 将资源利用机制与种群动态联系起来，使我们能够预测哪些天敌组合提供了对害虫最有效的控制。