RAPID: Disaster Recovery Decision Making in Remote Tourism-dependent Communities

RAPID：偏远依赖旅游业的社区的灾难恢复决策

• 批准号: 2002620
• 负责人: Whitney Knollenberg
• 金额: $ 4.94万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-02-15 至 2022-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2002620&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Disaster; Recovery; Decision; Making

Hurricanes disrupt community vitality when significant damage and destruction occurs to the built environment, particularly in remote, tourism-dependent coastal communities. Immediately following the impacts to homes, businesses, and infrastructure, tourism business owners and employees begin to make recovery decisions that affect the resilience of coastal communities. This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) project examines the factors and information networks that influence recovery decisions in Ocracoke and Hatteras, North Carolina, which were substantially impacted by Hurricane Dorian (September 2019). The remote nature of these communities makes them particularly vulnerable, as their transportation network is built upon a single state highway and/or ferry service that, when damaged, can affect access to recovery resources. Their dependence on tourism also makes them economically vulnerable as tourism benefits (e.g., jobs, tax revenues) rely on transportation access and lodging availability. Similar disaster-related impacts may become increasingly common in other coastal tourism-dependent communities due to potential increases in storm intensity and frequency in conjunction with sea-level rise. By identifying the factors and networks that influence early recovery decisions, this project contributes to NSF’s mission to advance national welfare and promote the progress of science. Specifically, this study increases the understanding of individual disaster recovery decisions within the tourism sector, which cumulatively influence a community’s ability to reestablish its built environment and economic base. This study also identifies the communication pathways that enable more informed near-term recovery decisions, which can be activated in future disaster response, tourism crisis management, and community resiliency building efforts.The goal of our project is to compare the factors and information networks that influence information processing and recovery decision making in two remote post-disaster tourism-dependent communities. This project has four objectives: (1) documenting various factors that influence tourism stakeholders’ recovery decisions; (2) identifying information networks accessed by tourism stakeholders to inform recovery decisions; (3) evaluating the extent to which recovery information activated through those networks is processed; and (4) understanding decision making pathways that influence risk perceptions and intended recovery decisions. These objectives will be accomplished by integrating the Risk Information Seeking and Processing (RISP) model with Social Network Analysis (SNA) in the analysis of data generated during in-depth interviews with tourism business owners, employees, and community leaders, as well as state emergency response officials. Data will be thematically analyzed for factors and RISP model predictors that influence recovery decisions, and information networks will be mapped using SNA to identify influential pathways for recovery decision making. Additionally, community-level data will be compared to identify if, and how, varying infrastructure damage and access to recovery resources impact decision making, which will enhance the transferability of our findings. Collecting these data in a near-term post-disaster context is critical, as the state of a tourism destination (e.g., availability of recovery funds, others’ recovery decisions) impacts the availability of future decision options. The findings will reveal the factors and information pathways that influence disaster recovery decisions in a synergistic examination of business and household recovery decisions. More specifically, the findings will identify the ways in which information processing of current and prior experiences, perceptions of workforce capacity and recovery of the built environment, network support availability, and anticipated tourism demand influence recovery decision making, as well as expose capacity needs to maintain the tourism industry in near-term, post-disaster contexts.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当建筑环境受到重大破坏时，飓风会破坏社区的活力，特别是在偏远的、依赖旅游业的沿海社区。在房屋、企业和基础设施受到影响之后，旅游企业主和员工立即开始做出影响沿海社区恢复能力的恢复决策。这个快速反应研究（Rapid）项目研究了影响北卡罗来纳州奥克拉科克和哈特拉斯恢复决策的因素和信息网络，这两个地区受到多里安飓风（2019年9月）的严重影响。这些社区的偏远性质使他们特别脆弱，因为他们的交通网络建立在单一的州高速公路和/或轮渡服务上，当损坏时，可能会影响恢复资源的获取。他们对旅游业的依赖也使他们在经济上变得脆弱，因为旅游业的利益（如就业、税收）依赖于交通便利和住宿。由于风暴强度和频率可能随着海平面上升而增加，类似的灾害相关影响在其他沿海旅游依赖社区可能变得越来越普遍。通过确定影响早期恢复决策的因素和网络，该项目有助于美国国家科学基金会推进国家福利和促进科学进步的使命。具体而言，本研究增加了对旅游部门内个别灾难恢复决策的理解，这些决策累积影响社区重建其建筑环境和经济基础的能力。本研究还确定了促进更明智的近期恢复决策的沟通途径，这些决策可以在未来的灾害应对、旅游危机管理和社区复原力建设工作中发挥作用。我们项目的目标是比较影响两个偏远的灾后旅游依赖社区的信息处理和恢复决策的因素和信息网络。本项目有四个目标：(1)记录影响旅游利益相关者恢复决策的各种因素；(2)识别旅游利益相关者访问的信息网络，为恢复决策提供信息；(3)评估通过这些网络激活的恢复信息的处理程度；(4)理解影响风险认知和预期恢复决策的决策途径。这些目标将通过将风险信息寻找和处理（RISP）模型与社会网络分析（SNA）结合起来，分析与旅游企业主、员工、社区领袖以及州应急官员进行深入访谈时产生的数据来实现。将对数据进行主题分析，找出影响恢复决策的因素和RISP模型预测因子，并使用SNA绘制信息网络，以确定恢复决策的影响途径。此外，将比较社区层面的数据，以确定不同的基础设施损坏和恢复资源的获取是否以及如何影响决策，这将增强我们研究结果的可转移性。在灾后短期内收集这些数据至关重要，因为旅游目的地的状态（例如，恢复资金的可用性，其他人的恢复决策）会影响未来决策选择的可用性。研究结果将揭示影响灾难恢复决策的因素和信息途径，在企业和家庭恢复决策的协同检查。更具体地说，调查结果将确定当前和先前经验的信息处理方式，对劳动力能力和建筑环境恢复的看法，网络支持可用性和预期的旅游需求影响恢复决策，以及揭示在近期和灾后环境中维持旅游业的能力需求。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。