CNH2-S: Water-mediated coupling of natural-human systems: drought and water allocation across spatial scales

CNH2-S：水介导的自然-人类系统耦合：跨空间尺度的干旱和水分配

• 批准号: 2009922
• 负责人: Ben Livneh
• 金额: $ 74.33万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2009922&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH2; Water; mediated; coupling; natural

In many parts of the country, rivers are the primary water source for uses such as irrigation, recreation, cities, and power generation. Each water use has a different economic value. Also, the withdrawal of water from each river may follow a different institutional rule-system, for example private ownership of ‘water rights’ versus a public system of water allocation. Differences in the value of water combined with the local rule-system can lead to more- or less-productive outcomes, both economically and in terms of environmental sustainability. The effects of these differences are not well understood across scales and climate regimes, but it is known that any differences will be exacerbated during periods of water scarcity, e.g. droughts. To investigate these interactions, this research plan combines models of hydrology, infrastructure, and economics for different river systems and evaluates outcomes following a range of water allocation systems. The investigated water allocation systems span a spectrum ranging from more rigid systems based on established water rights, to those in which water goes to the highest-value uses. The modeling framework permits analyzing systems at different spatial scales and for rivers that primarily receive water from snowmelt versus rainfall. As populations grow and climate changes, the rules used to manage water will need to evolve and adapt, underscoring the importance of this research.The demand for water exceeds supply for many river systems in the drought-prone western U.S. This shortfall necessitates enhanced knowledge of the linkages and feedbacks between the natural variations in water availability and the human decisions that govern water movement in these stream-supplied systems. In these systems, water is used for agriculture, recreation, municipal uses, power generation, and other activities—each with a different valuation of water. Variations in the natural system, in particular drought, constrain the total amount of water available for human use. Water allocation rules and available water infrastructure connect the natural and human components. The proposed effort will advance knowledge of how hydrologic, climatic and economic processes jointly determine the value and allocation of water, across a range of drought intensities and spatial scales. Previous studies have shown that feedbacks and thresholds influence the coupling between hydrologic and societal systems. Yet, development and evaluation of advanced modeling approaches is needed to more fully understand the implications of human-natural interactions for different watersheds. The proposed research will develop a new system for modeling water-focused coupled human and natural systems that utilizes an operational water allocation model to link the hydrologic and economic components. This architecture will enable a direct evaluation of how two contrasting agent-based models of human behavior (microeconomic versus institutional-based rules) yield different outcomes across a range of conditions and scales. The growing demands for water and changing climate will require new ways of managing water, highlighting the importance of this research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在该国许多地区，河流是灌溉，娱乐，城市和发电等用途的主要水源。每种用水的经济价值都不同。此外，从每条河中撤出水可能会遵循不同的机构规则系统，例如“水权”的私有制与公共水分配系统。水价值与当地规则系统相结合的差异可能在经济上和环境可持续性方面带来更多或不太生产的结果。这些差异的效果在范围和气候方案之间尚未得到充分的理解，但是众所周知，在水稀缺时期，任何差异都会加剧，例如干旱。为了研究这些相互作用，该研究计划结合了不同河流系统的水文学，基础设施和经济学模型，并在一系列水分配系统之后评估了结果。研究的水分配系统涵盖了从基于既定的水权的更刚性系统到水的最高价值用途的频谱。该建模框架允许在不同的空间尺度上进行分析的系统，以及主要从融雪与降雨接收水的河流。随着人口的增长和气候变化，用于管理水的规则将需要发展和适应，强调这项研究的重要性。对易于干旱的美国西部干旱的河流系统的需求超过了许多河流系统的供应，这种短缺需要增强对水的自然差异与人类决策的自然差异与这些流媒体系统中的人类决策之间的联系的知识和反馈。在这些系统中，水用于农业，娱乐，市政用途，发电和其他活动，每个价值都具有不同的水价值。自然系统的变化，尤其是干旱，限制了可用于人类使用的水总量。水分配规则和可用的水基础设施连接天然和人类组成部分。拟议的努力将促进了解水文，气候和经济过程如何共同确定水的价值和分配，包括一系列干旱实例和空间量表。先前的研究表明，反馈和阈值会影响水文和社会系统之间的耦合。然而，需要对先进建模方法进行开发和评估，以更充分地了解人类自然相互作用对不同流域的含义。拟议的研究将开发一种新的系统，用于建模以水为中心的人类和自然系统，该系统利用操作水分配模型将水文和经济组件联系起来。该体系结构将直接评估两个基于对比代理的人类行为模型（微观经济与基于机构的规则）如何在各种条件和量表上产生不同的结果。对水和气候变化的需求不断增长，需要新的方法来管理水，强调了这项研究的重要性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被视为通过评估而被视为珍贵的支持。

项目成果

Investigating the Role of Snow Water Equivalent on Streamflow Predictability during Drought

研究干旱期间雪水当量对径流可预测性的作用

• DOI: 10.1175/jhm-d-21-0229.1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Hydrometeorology
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Modi, Parthkumar A.;Small, Eric E.;Kasprzyk, Joseph;Livneh, Ben
• 通讯作者: Livneh, Ben

Water Allocation, Return Flows, and Economic Value in Water-Scarce Environments: Results from a Coupled Natural-Human System Model

缺水环境中的水分配、回流和经济价值：自然-人类耦合系统模型的结果

• DOI: 10.3390/w14203280
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Water
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Wobus, Cameron;Small, Eric;Carbone, Jared C.;Modi, Parthkumar;Kamen, Hannah;Szafranski, William;Livneh, Ben
• 通讯作者: Livneh, Ben