Collaborative Research: PurSUit: A phylogenetic, genomic, and functional framework for the environmentally diverse and poorly characterized fungal class, Leotiomycete

合作研究：PurSUit：环境多样性和特征不明的真菌类Leotiomycete的系统发育、基因组和功能框架

• 批准号: 2018215
• 负责人: Alisha Quandt
• 金额: $ 73.18万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2018215&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; PurSUit; phylogenetic; genomic

Fungi in the group Leotiomycetes are found in all environments where researchers have explored. They are ecologically highly diverse, including economically important disease-causing fungi such as the powdery mildews that attack plants and the fungus that causes White Nose Syndrome in bats. Despite being a large and diverse group of fungi, little is known of the global distribution of this group, their ecological roles, or how these fungi are related to one another. This project will conduct the first large scale expeditions to describe Leotiomycetes fungi on the African continent and in Central America, providing the opportunity to study the evolution of ecological and functional diversity of Leotiomycetes. This effort in turn will provide significant societal benefit by identifying genetic and environmental circumstances that lead to the emergence of novel infectious diseases.Researchers are beginning to understand how microbial community composition and function shift over time, across different environments, and across changing climatic conditions. However, interpretation of these results is impeded when our knowledge of the biodiversity of microbes is incomplete. An accurate understanding of evolutionary relationships is needed to understand their functional roles, and the consequences of their presence or absence in particular environments. Through this project the researchers will expand knowledge of Leotiomycetes diversity beyond Europe by collecting samples in under-sampled regions of the world, resulting in the description of dozens of new species. Next, this project will describe the diversity of small, unculturable or difficult to culture but environmentally abundant members of Leotiomycetes. Those so called “dark taxa” will be described by using single-cell genomics of environmental samples, in parallel with culturing techniques to isolate rare or slow-growing microbes. Their functional roles will also be elucidated using RNA transcript sequencing. Finally, using whole genomes, this project will generate a new class-level phylogenetic framework. This project will, inevitably, detect currently unrepresented orders, families, and genera from either pure cultures or from fresh fruiting bodies collected through field work, further broadening its scientific impact.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在研究人员探索的所有环境中，都可以发现乳杆菌类的真菌。它们在生态上高度多样化，包括经济上重要的致病真菌，如攻击植物的白粉病和导致蝙蝠白鼻子综合症的真菌。尽管真菌是一个庞大而多样的群体，但人们对这一群体的全球分布、它们的生态作用或这些真菌之间的相互关系知之甚少。该项目将在非洲大陆和中美洲进行首次大规模考察，描述乳酸菌真菌，为研究乳酸菌生态和功能多样性的进化提供机会。这一努力反过来将通过识别导致新传染病出现的遗传和环境条件来提供显著的社会效益。研究人员开始了解微生物群落组成和功能如何随着时间的推移而变化，跨越不同的环境和不断变化的气候条件。然而，当我们对微生物生物多样性的了解不完整时，对这些结果的解释就会受到阻碍。需要对进化关系的准确理解才能理解它们的功能作用，以及它们在特定环境中存在或不存在的后果。通过这个项目，研究人员将通过在世界上采样不足的地区收集样本，将乳酸菌多样性的知识扩展到欧洲以外，从而描述数十个新物种。下一步，这个项目将描述小的、不能培养的或难以培养的、但环境丰富的乳酸菌成员的多样性。这些所谓的“暗分类群”将通过使用环境样本的单细胞基因组学来描述，同时使用培养技术来分离稀有或生长缓慢的微生物。它们的功能作用也将通过RNA转录本测序来阐明。最后，利用全基因组，这个项目将产生一个新的类级系统发育框架。该项目将不可避免地从纯培养或通过实地工作收集的新鲜果肉中发现目前未被代表的目、科和属，进一步扩大其科学影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Two new species of Phaeohelotium (Leotiomycetes: Helotiaceae) from Chile and their putative ectomycorrhizal status.

智利及其假定的外生肌肉状态的两种新的phaeohohotium（白疗法：Helotiaceae）。

• DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.10
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: Fungal systematics and evolution
• 作者: Grupe Ii, A C;Smith, M E;Weier, A;Healy, R;Caiafa, M V;Pfister, D H;Haelewaters, D;Quandt, C A
• 通讯作者: Quandt, C A