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Network for Neutrinos, Nuclear Astrophysics, and Symmetries

中微子、核天体物理学和对称性网络

基本信息

批准号：
2020275
负责人：
Wick Haxton
金额：
$ 1090万
依托单位：
University of California-Berkeley
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Cooperative Agreement
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-01 至 2025-08-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2020275&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Network Neutrinos Nuclear Astrophysics Symmetries

项目摘要

A revolution in astrophysics is underway, driven by new instruments that view the universe’s most extraordinary events through multiple astrophysical messengers. Merging neutron stars have been observed through their gravitational waves and through the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the hot debris they eject. Collapsing stars within the Milky Way produce prodigious fluxes of neutrinos that are observed in massive underground detectors, while also brightening the night sky in dramatic supernova. These explosions generate extreme conditions – energies, sustained temperatures, matter densities – beyond any realized on earth. The Network for Neutrinos, Nuclear Astrophysics and Symmetries Physics Frontier Center (N3AS-PFC) is a collaboration of theorists who utilize these observations to answer some of the most important open questions in physics: how were the heavy elements created, what is the form of the super-dense nuclear matter found at the center of a neutron star, and how can we test the properties of neutrinos and dark matter using astrophysical laboratories? The answers have the potential to influence the future directions of nuclear, particle, and astrophysics. The new generation of postdoctoral researchers that N3AS-PFC is training and the diverse group of students it recruits and engages will be crucial to both current research and the field’s future.The N3AS-PFC will explore the physics in extreme astrophysical environments by combining knowledge of the underlying nuclear and neutrino microphysics, with the most advanced tools for numerical simulations in astrophysics. The work will proceed on a number of scientific fronts. N3AS-PFC will develop the theory of kilonovae – the optical counterpart of a neutron star merger – to determine whether this environment can sustain the necessary chain of nucleosynthesis. N3AS-PFC will develop theoretical tools for describing nuclear matter at several times nuclear density, thereby relating fundamental nuclear physics to properties of neutron stars, including their masses, radii, deformability, and long-term cooling. N3AS-PFC will apply new tools to understand the highly complex flavor physics of the dense sea of entangled neutrinos created in the cores of supernovae. Because phenomena like neutron stars, supernovae, and the Big Bang fire the imagination of students, N3AS-PFC will establish an outreach program focused on community colleges to encourage and then support transferring students to pursue research in astrophysics. N3AS-PFC will also provide postdoctoral Fellows with broad training opportunities and the support of multiple mentors, preparing them to become future leaders in multi-messenger astrophysics. Through the research and educational programs this N3AS-PFC award directly addresses the goals of NSF’s “Windows on the Universe: The Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics” Big Idea.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

一场天体物理学的革命正在进行中，这场革命是由通过多个天体物理信使观察宇宙中最不寻常事件的新仪器推动的。中子星的合并是通过它们的引力波和它们喷出的热碎片发出的电磁辐射来观察的。银河系内坍缩的恒星产生了巨大的中微子流，这些中微子流在大型地下探测器中被观测到，同时也在引人注目的超新星中照亮了夜空。这些爆炸产生了极端的条件-能量，持续的温度，物质密度-超出了地球上的任何实现。中微子、核天体物理学和对称物理学前沿中心网络（N3 AS-PFC）是一个理论家的合作，他们利用这些观察来回答物理学中一些最重要的开放问题：重元素是如何产生的，在中子星星中心发现的超密度核物质的形式是什么，我们如何利用天体物理实验室测试中微子和暗物质的性质？这些答案有可能影响核物理、粒子物理和天体物理的未来方向。 N3 AS-PFC正在培养的新一代博士后研究人员以及它招募和参与的多样化学生群体对当前的研究和该领域的未来都至关重要。N3 AS-PFC将通过结合基础核和中微子微观物理学的知识，以及最先进的天体物理学数值模拟工具，探索极端天体物理环境中的物理学。这项工作将在若干科学前沿进行。 N3 AS-PFC将发展千新星理论--中子星星合并的光学对应物--以确定这种环境是否能够维持必要的核合成链。 N3 AS-PFC将开发用于描述数倍核密度的核物质的理论工具，从而将基本核物理与中子星的性质联系起来，包括它们的质量，半径，变形性和长期冷却。 N3 AS-PFC将应用新的工具来理解超新星核心中产生的纠缠中微子密集海的高度复杂的味道物理学。由于像中子星，超新星和大爆炸这样的现象激发了学生的想象力，N3 AS-PFC将建立一个以社区学院为重点的外展计划，以鼓励并支持转学学生从事天体物理学研究。 N3 AS-PFC还将为博士后研究员提供广泛的培训机会和多位导师的支持，使他们成为未来多信使天体物理学的领导者。通过研究和教育项目，该N3 AS-PFC奖项直接实现了NSF“宇宙之窗：多信使天体物理学时代”的大理念。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。