Island mass effects on planktonic communities in the open ocean

岛屿质量对公海浮游生物群落的影响

• 批准号: 2025402
• 负责人: Lee Karp-Boss
• 金额: $ 36.73万
• 依托单位: University of Maine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2025402&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Island; mass; effects; planktonic; communities

This study is using existing data to characterize the Island Mass Effect (IME) at 20 locations across the Pacific Ocean. The Island Mass Effect occurs when islands and atolls alter atmospheric and oceanic circulation, resulting in local enrichment of surface waters with nutrients. Local fertilization, in turn, promotes phytoplankton blooms and high plankton biomass that can be advected into the surrounding open ocean and enhance regions of low nutrient availability and low plankton biomass. The Island Mass Effect (IME) is thought to be sufficiently important to affect regional fisheries and biogeochemical processes, but most of our current understanding of this phenomenon comes from satellite remote sensing observations of elevated chlorophyll concentrations that serve as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass. This project entails a systematic, basin-scale evaluation of changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and composition along environmental gradients from the lagoons and coastal water of islands into the open ocean. The study is making use of a large dataset collected during the TARA Pacific expedition (2016-2018), and results are providing new information about marine ecological responses to IME and the plankton inventories needed to improve ecosystem models for under sampled regions of the world’s oceans. In addition to supporting graduate and undergraduate students, this project offers a training workshop for early career scientists on best practices for the collection and processing of ship-based underway data.Islands in the oligotrophic gyres of the Pacific Oceans alter oceanic and atmospheric circulation and provide sources of fertilization to promote local phytoplankton blooms. This so-called Island Mass Effect (IME) is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean where vast areas are known to be limited by the availability of macro- and micro-nutrients, yet it is mostly understood from satellite remote sensing observations of elevated chlorophyll concentrations. Beyond remote sensing of chlorophyll, concurrent changes in plankton community composition and structure have been examined for only a small number of islands, limiting our understanding of the biological responses to IME. In this project, the investigators are examining the IME at 20 locations by evaluating phytoplankton community composition, mesozooplankton biomass, and plankton diversity. The investigators are making use of a comprehensive data set collected during the TARA Pacific expedition (2016-2018) that includes: environmental measurements (temperature, salinity, nutrients and trace metals), plankton samples (flow cytometry, plankton imaging, pigments, and genomics), high resolution measurements of optical properties from which biogeochemical proxies are derived, satellite remote sensing data (chlorophyll, temperature, sea surface height), and currents from an ocean circulation model (Mercator Oceans).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究正在使用现有数据来描述太平洋20个地点的岛屿质量效应（IME）。当岛屿和环礁改变大气和海洋环流时，就会发生岛屿质量效应，导致当地表层沃茨富含营养物质。当地施肥反过来又促进浮游植物大量繁殖和高浮游生物量，这些浮游生物量可以平流进入周围的开阔海洋，并加强营养物供应量低和浮游生物量低的地区。岛屿质量效应（IME）被认为是足够重要的影响区域渔业和海洋地球化学过程，但我们目前对这一现象的理解大多来自卫星遥感观测的叶绿素浓度升高，作为浮游植物生物量的代理。该项目需要对浮游植物和浮游动物生物量和构成沿着环境梯度从泻湖和岛屿沿海水域到公海的变化进行系统的流域规模评价。该研究利用了塔拉太平洋考察（2016-2018）期间收集的大型数据集，其结果提供了有关海洋生态对IME的反应以及改善世界海洋采样不足地区生态系统模型所需的浮游生物清单的新信息。除了支持研究生和本科生外，该项目还为早期职业科学家提供关于收集和处理船载航行数据的最佳做法的培训讲习班，太平洋贫营养环流中的岛屿改变海洋和大气环流，并提供施肥源，促进当地浮游植物大量繁殖。这种所谓的岛屿质量效应（IME）是太平洋中普遍存在的现象，已知太平洋的广大地区受到宏量和微量营养素的限制，但大多数情况下，人们通过卫星遥感观测叶绿素浓度升高来了解它。除了遥感叶绿素，浮游生物群落组成和结构的同时变化已被检查只有少数岛屿，限制了我们的理解的生物反应ME。在这个项目中，研究人员正在通过评估浮游植物群落组成，浮游动物生物量和浮游生物多样性来检查20个地点的IME。研究人员正在利用塔拉太平洋考察期间收集的综合数据集（2016-2018年）包括：环境测量（温度、盐度、营养物和微量金属）、浮游生物样本（流式细胞术，浮游生物成像，色素和基因组学），高分辨率的光学特性测量，从这些光学特性中推导出地球化学代理，卫星遥感数据该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。