RUI: Chromosome organization in cellular development

该项目的目标是揭示人类细胞在细胞分裂过程中如何调节其染色体组织。在细胞分裂过程中，染色体将在两个子细胞之间复制并平等分裂。人类在细胞分裂过程中发生的染色体分离异常可能会导致有害的后果和疾病。该项目支持西班牙裔服务机构的一个研究小组，该小组致力于了解染色体组织的基本原则。它还为生命科学专业的招生和招收人数不足的学生群体提供了坚实的基础。还将向当地社区的多人提供参与生命科学研究的机会，包括社区大学生和高中生以及成年高年级学生，以促进STEM领域的多样性和公平性。有丝分裂中的同源染色体配对会导致人类体细胞的等位基因错误调节和基因组不稳定。关于同源染色体配对是如何在胚胎发生和成年期的整个细胞周期中被阻止的，人们知之甚少。该研究项目将探索这一基本未被触及的生物学范式。实验计划专门测试一个单倍体集合与另一个单倍体集合的区隔是否在间期保守，从而在整个细胞周期中保守。将使用两种类型的孤雌生殖细胞来进一步确定这种区隔是否取决于着丝粒的亲本来源。这项全面的研究将产生以前未知的基于单倍体集合的染色体组织的新机制信息。此外，它将首次揭示细胞周期中高阶染色体组织的潜在分子机制。这些结果应该开辟一条新的途径来探索高阶染色体组织在发育中的重要性，这对于阐明细胞功能的新机制至关重要。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The goal of this project is to uncover how human cells regulate their chromosome organization during cell division. During cell division, chromosomes will duplicate and divide equally among two daughter cells. Abnormalities in chromosome segregation that occur during cell division in humans can lead to detrimental consequences and disease. This project supports a research group in a Hispanic serving institution dedicated to understanding the fundamental principles of chromosome organization. It also provides a strong foundation for recruitment and accessibility of under-represented student populations in the life sciences. Opportunities for engagement with life science research will also be made available to multiple populations in the local community, including community college and high school students as well as adult seniors, in order to promote diversity and equity in STEM fields. Homologous chromosome pairing in mitosis can lead to allelic mis-regulation and genome instability in human somatic cells. Little is known about how homologous chromosome pairing is prevented throughout the cell cycle during embryogenesis and adulthood. The research project will explore this largely untouched biological paradigm. Experiments are planned to specifically test whether compartmentalization of one haploid set from the other is conserved at interphase, and thus throughout the cell cycle. Two types of parthenogenic cells will be used to further determine if this compartmentalization depends on the parental origin of the centromere. This comprehensive study will generate new mechanistic information of the previously unrecognized haploid set-based chromosome organization. Further, it will reveal, for the first time, the underlying molecular mechanisms for higher-order chromosome organization during the cell cycle. These results should open up a new avenue to explore the importance of higher-order chromosome organization in development that will be critically important for elucidating new mechanisms of cellular function.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.