Biological Self Assembly: Tissue Mechanics of the Spongy Mesophyll in Flowers

生物自组装：花中海绵状叶肉的组织力学

• 批准号: 2029756
• 负责人: Corey O'Hern
• 金额: $ 68.97万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-11-01 至 2023-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2029756&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Biological; Self; Assembly; Tissue; Mechanics

This research will improve our understanding of cells and tissues in flowering plants. More specifically, this work will reveal how the structural properties of the interior tissue, or mesophyll, of flower petals vary across species. This is important because different species of plants use the same building blocks to generate radically different structures. The knowledge gained from the experiments and computational models created in this work can aid in the development of new materials that self-assemble and have specific tunable properties and mechanical responses. This work also includes several education and outreach activities. These include mentoring under-represented minority high school and first-generation low-income undergraduate students in summer research, developing a course module on computational analysis of microscopy images of plant tissue, and organizing mini-symposia at scientific meetings that bring together plant biologists and engineers who study the structural and mechanical properties of plant tissue. Because of the shared interests, funding is split between the division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation (CMMI) and the division of Integrative Organismal Systems (IOS).Biomimicry is the study of physiological traits in the natural world to inspire the creation of novel materials and designs. While biomimetic materials take advantage of a single biological property, designs rarely focus on the tunability and diversity of biological structures. For example, the angiosperms, or flowering plants, are one of the most dominant and diverse existing terrestrial plant groups on Earth, and their success has largely been attributed to the evolution of flowers as reproductive organs. Flower petals in particular vary widely among the angiosperms, but how these structures develop and differ from species to species is largely unknown. Using high-resolution micro-computed tomography, the studies will show how the structural properties of the interior tissue, or mesophyll, of flower petals vary across species. Computer simulations of mesophyll self-assembly using a novel three-dimensional deformable particle model will also be carried out to determine whether changes in a few key biophysical parameters can generate a broad array of different tissue-level structures. These combined experimental and computational studies represent one of the first investigations into how simple biophysical rules can explain the development and diversity of complex, three-dimensional plant tissue. These results will reveal fundamental design principles for petal mesophyll tissue, which in turn will enable the design of novel, porous materials with tunable mechanical and structural properties.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究将增进我们对开花植物细胞和组织的了解。更具体地说，这项工作将揭示花瓣内部组织或叶肉的结构特性如何在不同物种之间变化。这一点很重要，因为不同物种的植物使用相同的构建块来生成完全不同的结构。在这项工作中建立的实验和计算模型所获得的知识可以帮助开发自组装并具有特定可调特性和机械响应的新材料。这项工作还包括几项教育和外联活动。这些措施包括在暑期研究中指导未被充分代表的少数族裔高中和第一代低收入本科生，开发植物组织显微图像的计算分析课程模块，以及在科学会议上组织小型研讨会，将研究植物组织结构和机械特性的植物生物学家和工程师聚集在一起。由于共同的利益，资金被分成土木工程、机械和制造创新(CMMI)和集成组织系统(IOS)两个部门。生物仿生学是研究自然界中的生理特征，以启发新材料和设计的创造。虽然仿生材料利用单一的生物特性，但设计很少关注生物结构的可调性和多样性。例如，被子植物或开花植物是地球上现存的最具优势和多样性的陆地植物群之一，它们的成功在很大程度上归功于花作为生殖器官的进化。尤其是花瓣在被子植物中差异很大，但这些结构是如何发展的，以及在不同物种之间的差异在很大程度上是未知的。利用高分辨率的微型计算机断层扫描，这些研究将显示花瓣内部组织或叶肉的结构特性如何在不同物种之间变化。还将使用一种新的三维可变形粒子模型对叶肉自组装进行计算机模拟，以确定几个关键生物物理参数的变化是否可以产生广泛的不同组织水平的结构。这些实验和计算相结合的研究是关于简单的生物物理规则如何解释复杂的三维植物组织的发展和多样性的首批研究之一。这些结果将揭示花瓣叶肉组织的基本设计原则，这反过来将使设计具有可调机械和结构特性的新型、多孔材料成为可能。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Reintegrating Biology Through the Nexus of Energy, Information, and Matter

通过能量、信息和物质的联系重新整合生物学

• DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab174
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Integrative and Comparative Biology
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Hoke, Kim L;Zimmer, Sara L;Roddy, Adam B;Ondrechen, Mary Jo;Williamson, Craig E;Buan, Nicole R
• 通讯作者: Buan, Nicole R

Rethinking economic theories of plant water use

• DOI: 10.1007/s12038-023-00350-6
• 发表时间: 2023-06
• 期刊: Journal of Biosciences
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: A. Roddy

Localized growth and remodelling drives spongy mesophyll morphogenesis

• DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0602
• 发表时间: 2022-08
• 期刊: Journal of the Royal Society Interface
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: J. Treado;A. Roddy;Guillaume Théroux-Rancourt;Liyong Zhang;C. Ambrose;C. Brodersen;M. Shattuck;C. O’Hern