RAPID: Work, Family, and Social Well-Being among Couples in the Context of COVID-19

新冠肺炎已经打乱了人们的日常工作和家庭生活。美国有超过2.97亿人受到了全部或部分社交距离限制。数百万人被告知远程工作；其他人被认为是必不可少的，他们发现自己处于这场史无前例的大流行的前线。超过一半的学校关闭，3300多万儿童留在家里。因此，数以百万计的双收入家庭被迫寻找新的方法来平衡工作和家庭的相互竞争的需要，同时保持个人和关系的福祉。在新冠肺炎之前，研究一直表明，员工感受到的工作与家庭之间的冲突比家庭与工作之间的冲突更高；然而，现在，鉴于他们不得不在同一地点--家--兼顾工作和家庭，他们感受到的家庭与工作冲突即使不是更高，也同样高。这两种冲突都会对个人和家庭产生负面影响，包括心理困扰、焦虑、愤怒、内疚和夫妻关系质量下降。到目前为止，大多数研究都是使用个人层面的数据来测试工作对家庭冲突的溢出效应；很少有研究在分析中同时考察两个成员的交叉影响，纵向上更是如此。该项目将在三个时间点调查和采访两对双收入夫妇的成年人，以评估双收入夫妇在新冠肺炎背景下的工作、家庭和健康发生了怎样的变化。该项目的结果将使工作场所了解如何制定政策，在危机时期和重返工作岗位过渡期间支持工人及其家属，从而促进从这一流行病中恢复，并为未来的极端事件做好准备。这些是培训雇主/工人关于家庭友好型政策的就业干预最佳实践所需的关键见解，促进组织变革和促进健康的工作场所，从而促进健康和福祉以及美国的经济竞争力。由于学校关闭、远程工作的要求和社会距离的要求，Covid-19已经扰乱了工作和家庭安排。该项目采用了一种混合方法，对一年多的双收入夫妇进行了调查和深入访谈。该项目将在三个时间点收集数据：基线(大部分国家处于禁制令期间)、过渡(在命令开始逐步取消后)和适应(在发现第一例社区传播病例后一年)。该项目将使用传统的单人数据分析策略，包括增长曲线建模和面板回归，以及二元数据分析方法，即行为者-伴侣相互依存模型，来分析调查数据(n=300对夫妇；600名个人)。对于定性数据，该项目将使用主题分析来确定感知/行为工作-家庭冲突、工作场所资源/支持、心理健康和关系的紧急模式。该项目将使用定性软件包NVivo来管理访谈数据。该项目的发现将为有关工作-家庭冲突和住宿的社会学理论，以及与家务劳动性别分工相关的理论提供信息。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

COVID-19 has disrupted daily work and home lives. More than 297 million people in the U.S. have been placed on full or partial social distancing restrictions. Millions were told to work remotely; others were deemed essential and found themselves on the frontline of this unprecedented pandemic. More than half the schools are closed, leaving more than 33 million children at home. Consequently, millions of dual-income families have been forced to find new ways to balance the competing needs of work and family while maintaining individual and relational well-being. Prior to COVID-19, research consistently showed workers to experience higher work-to-family than family-to-work conflict; however, workers may now experience as high, if not higher, family-to-work conflict given that they have to juggle work and family from the same location: home. Both of these conflicts can have negative effects on individuals and families, including psychological distress, anxiety, anger, guilt, and decreased couple relationship quality. Most studies to date have tested spillover effects of work to family conflict using individual-level data; few have examined the crossover effect with both members included in the analysis, and even fewer longitudinally. This project will survey and interview both adults of dual-income couples at three time points to assess how work, family, and health among dual-income couples have changed within the context of COVID-19. Findings from this project will inform workplaces on the development of policies to support workers and their families during times of crisis and return-to-work transitions, thus facilitating recovery from this pandemic and preparedness for future extreme events. These are key insights needed to train employers/workers on best practices for employment interventions on family-friendly policies, facilitating organizational change and contributing to healthy workplaces, thus facilitating health and well-being and U. S. economic competitiveness.Covid-19 has disrupted work and family arrangements owing to school closures, requirements for telework, and social distancing mandates. This project uses a mixed-methods approach by combining surveys and in-depth interviews with both members of a sample of dual-income couples over one year. The project will collect data at three time points: baseline (while most of country is under lockdown orders), transition (after orders start to phase out), and adaptation (one year after the first case of community transmission was detected). The project will use both a traditional single person data analysis strategy, including growth curve modeling and panel regression, and a dyadic data analytical method, the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, to analyze survey data (n=300 couples; 600 individuals). For the qualitative data, the project will use a thematic analysis to identify emergent patterns on perceptual/behavioral work-family conflict, workplace resources/support, mental health, and relationships. The project will use the qualitative software package NVIVO to manage interview data. Findings from the project will inform sociological theories regarding work-family conflict and accommodation, as well as theories related to the gendered division of household labor.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.