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Event Structure in Language and Cognition

语言和认知中的事件结构

基本信息

批准号：
2041171
负责人：
Anna Papafragou
金额：
$ 48.16万
依托单位：
University of Pennsylvania
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-05-01 至 2024-10-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2041171&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Event Structure Language Cognition

项目摘要

Humans are surprisingly adept at interpreting what is happening around them. We are able to recognize dynamic events, the roles that various entities play in these events and the causal and other relations that contribute to events. Furthermore, we use language to describe our dynamic experiences in ways that reflect our underlying event understanding. Despite the central role of events in human cognition and language, the study of events within the cognitive sciences has until recently remained fragmented. This research introduces novel theoretical and empirical tools to address key questions about the nature of events: How do we represent events in thought? How do novice (child) and experienced (adult) communicators use language to encode event representations? Do speakers of different languages think about events in the world differently? The proposed research presents a new and integrated approach to one of the most fundamental topics in the study of the mind, namely the connection between cognition and language. Because of its deeply interdisciplinary nature, this project offers unique training opportunities in the cognitive sciences at the postdoctoral, graduate, and undergraduate level. Moreover, the project exposes trainees to the excitement of international collaborations and fosters new academic partnerships. The project includes outreach and mentorship activities for interested members of the community who may not otherwise be exposed to academic research.A unique feature of the proposed research is that it brings together two influential but separate lines of research on the structure of events, one studying perceptual and cognitive mechanisms of event representation, and the other focusing on the semantics of events in linguistics. Building on these two major approaches, this research proposes that the internal temporal structure of an event is an architectural feature of event cognition. A planned series of experiments aims to show that temporal event structure is computed rapidly and spontaneously during event perception, affects further cognitive processes such as event memory, and organizes event representations in both adults and children, and across people who speak different languages. This innovative combination of methods and theories allows us to explore previously hidden links between event cognition and event language and has the potential to reveal the precise format of event representations and their mapping to language that have so far remained elusive.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类非常善于解释周围发生的事情。我们能够识别动态事件，各种实体在这些事件中扮演的角色以及促成事件的因果关系和其他关系。此外，我们使用语言来描述我们的动态体验，反映我们对事件的理解。尽管事件在人类认知和语言中起着核心作用，但认知科学中的事件研究直到最近仍然是支离破碎的。这项研究引入了新的理论和实证工具，以解决有关事件的性质的关键问题：我们如何在思想中表示事件？新手（儿童）和有经验的（成人）沟通者如何使用语言来编码事件表征？说不同语言的人对世界上发生的事情有不同的看法吗？拟议的研究提出了一个新的和综合的方法，在心灵的研究，即认知和语言之间的连接最基本的主题之一。由于其深入的跨学科性质，该项目提供了博士后、研究生和本科水平的认知科学独特培训机会。此外，该项目使受训人员接触到国际合作的兴奋，并促进新的学术伙伴关系。该研究的一个独特之处在于，它将两条有影响力但独立的事件结构研究路线结合在一起，一条研究事件表征的感知和认知机制，另一条侧重于语言学中事件的语义。基于这两个主要的研究方法，本研究提出事件的内部时间结构是事件认知的一个结构特征。计划中的一系列实验旨在表明，时间事件结构在事件感知过程中快速自发地计算，影响进一步的认知过程，如事件记忆，并组织成人和儿童以及讲不同语言的人的事件表征。这种方法和理论的创新组合使我们能够探索事件认知和事件语言之间以前隐藏的联系，并有可能揭示事件表征的精确格式及其映射到语言，迄今为止仍然难以捉摸。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。