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Quantum Epistemology Beyond Quantum Measurement

超越量子测量的量子认识论

基本信息

批准号：
2043089
负责人：
Benjamin Feintzeig
金额：
$ 45.1万
依托单位：
University of Washington
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2043089&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Quantum Epistemology Beyond Measurement

项目摘要

It is well known that quantum mechanics does not, in general, predict any one outcome of a given experiment with certainty, but instead predicts a distribution of probability values for possible outcomes. One enduring question in the interpretation of quantum mechanics is: just what do these probabilities signify? Many believe quantum probabilities represent something objective, such as frequencies of measurement outcomes in repeated trials. Others suggest a perhaps more radical view that quantum probabilities only represent a person’s subjective personal beliefs. On this subjective view, different people making predictions with quantum mechanics might even reasonably disagree about the probabilities of experimental outcomes. These objective and subjective interpretations of quantum probability present starkly different philosophical viewpoints. And understanding quantum probabilities is not only important for making sense of the theory itself; it also has implications for the fields of quantum information and quantum computing, which aim to use quantum theory to develop new technologies. The goal of this project is to investigate the status of quantum probability by developing a view that does not require quantum probabilities to be only objective or only subjective, but instead allows for both possibilities. The project will analyze the relationships among objective and subjective probabilities in quantum mechanics to yield important insights about how they both figure into the nature of physical probability.The current project approaches the interpretation of quantum probability in a novel way by separating questions about probability from other controversial topics in the interpretation of quantum mechanics. The question of whether probabilities are objective frequencies or subjective beliefs has been addressed in existing work by tying an answer to more contentious views about the status of measurements in quantum theory. For example, some investigators reach an understanding of probability based on a view of quantum measurement that implies the existence of a "multiverse" of many worlds. This project will develop methods for analyzing the relationship between objective and subjective probabilities, methods which do not depend on such highly debated issues. As such, the project aims to make a lasting impact by establishing tools for understanding quantum probability that will apply, regardless of the ultimate interpretation of quantum mechanics. The project will thus lay the foundation for further research and understanding, which will be aided by disseminating the developed methods in a workshop to train early career interdisciplinary researchers, as well as public lectures to engage the broader community in these deep questions about fundamental physics and the nature of probability.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

众所周知，量子力学一般不能肯定地预测给定实验的任何一个结果，而是预测可能结果的概率值分布。在量子力学的解释中，一个经久不衰的问题是：这些概率究竟意味着什么？许多人认为量子概率代表客观的东西，例如重复试验中测量结果的频率。另一些人则提出了一种可能更激进的观点，即量子概率只代表一个人的主观个人信念。根据这种主观观点，不同的人用量子力学做出预测，甚至可能对实验结果的概率有合理的分歧。这些对量子概率的客观和主观解释呈现出截然不同的哲学观点。理解量子概率不仅对理解理论本身很重要，而且对量子信息和量子计算领域也有影响，这些领域的目标是利用量子理论开发新技术。该项目的目标是通过发展一种观点来研究量子概率的现状，这种观点不要求量子概率只是客观的或主观的，而是允许两种可能性。该项目将分析量子力学中的客观概率和主观概率之间的关系，以获得关于它们如何融入物理概率本质的重要见解。目前的项目通过将概率问题与量子力学解释中的其他有争议的话题分开，以一种新颖的方式来解释量子概率。概率是客观频率还是主观信念的问题，在现有的工作中已经通过将答案与量子理论中关于测量地位的更具争议的观点联系起来来解决。例如，一些研究人员基于量子测量的观点来理解概率，这意味着存在许多世界的“多元宇宙”。该项目将开发分析客观和主观概率之间关系的方法，这些方法不依赖于这些高度争议的问题。因此，该项目旨在通过建立理解量子概率的工具来产生持久的影响，无论量子力学的最终解释如何。因此，该项目将为进一步的研究和理解奠定基础，并通过在培训早期职业跨学科研究人员的讲习班上传播所开发的方法，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的学术价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。