The Bialowieza National Park. Man, Animal and Environment in the Polish-Belarusian Borderland

比亚沃维扎国家公园。

• 批准号: 245325552
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Thomas Bohn
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Osteuropäische Geschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/245325552?language=en
• 关键词: Bialowieza; National; Park.; Man; Animal

The primeval forest of Bialowieza is situated roughly equidistant from Warsaw and Minsk, in a traditional Polish-Belorussian contact zone where national definitions, in contrast to religious and social ones, only started to play a significant role quite late on. This was the social environment of Polish landed nobility, Jewish traders and Belarusian and Ukrainian farmers. From the outgoing 19th Century up until the Second World War most people in this socio-economically neglected region still considered themselves to be "local ones", without ethnic or national affiliation. Although political borders were changed several times, somewhat arbitrarily, as part of the formation of nation states in the first half of the 20th Century, thereby dividing up the area of the primeval forest, the population remained attached to its traditional way of life. In this regard it was only the Soviet deportations, the National Socialist expulsions and the Holocaust during the Second World War which constituted major turning-points. In addition, the primeval forest was a place of retreat for rare animals and plants, and a hunting area for Polish kings, Russian tsars, Soviet secretary-generals and wealthy tourists from all over the world, as well as the occasional scene of an extensive use of resources, in particular wood. The symbol of Bialowieza is the bison, the largest land mammal in Europe, which was almost eradicated during the First World War. The history of its re-breeding and re-introduction to the wild is unique.The aim of the project is to present a monograph, meeting with Cultural Studies standards, on competing spatial concepts for the Bialowieza National Park. This park was established by the Second Polish Republic in 1932 and extended by the Republic of Belarus in 1991, and in the Soviet Union it had the status of an exclusive state forest from 1957 on. The focus will be on questions related to the institutional and personnel governance of the region under different political systems, above all with regards to the approaches taken towards nature as a resource and reserve, as well as the everyday life of the population and its confrontation both with external factors and the familiar habitat. Against the background of the often dramatic history of the 20th Century, both a regional and a transnational micro-historical approach is planned in this exploration of a region which has been ever-present in the respective cultures of remembrance.

比亚洛维萨的原始森林位于波兰和白俄罗斯传统的接触区，距离华沙和明斯克的距离大致相等，在这个接触区，民族定义（与宗教和社会定义相反）直到很晚才开始发挥重要作用，这是波兰土地贵族、犹太商人、白俄罗斯和乌克兰农民的社会环境。从即将离任的19世纪直到第二次世界大战，这个社会经济被忽视的地区的大多数人仍然认为自己是“当地人”，没有种族或民族归属。尽管政治边界在世纪上半叶的民族国家形成过程中被随意改变了几次，从而划分了原始森林的面积，但人们仍然坚持其传统的生活方式。在这方面，只有第二次世界大战期间苏联的驱逐、国家社会主义的驱逐和大屠杀才是主要的转折点。此外，原始森林还是稀有动植物的隐居之地，也是波兰国王、俄罗斯沙皇、苏联秘书长和来自世界各地的富有游客的狩猎区，偶尔也会出现大量使用资源的场景，特别是木材。比亚洛维萨的象征是欧洲最大的陆地哺乳动物野牛，在第一次世界大战期间几乎被根除。该项目的目的是提出一个专着，会议文化研究的标准，对竞争的空间概念的比亚洛维萨国家公园。该公园由波兰第二共和国于1932年建立，1991年由白俄罗斯共和国扩建，1957年起在苏联拥有专属国家森林的地位。重点将是与不同政治制度下该地区的机构和人员管理有关的问题，最重要的是，对作为资源和保护区的自然所采取的方法，以及人口的日常生活及其与外部因素和熟悉的生境的对抗。在20世纪世纪戏剧性的历史背景下，在对一个在各自的纪念文化中一直存在的地区的探索中，计划采用区域和跨国的微观历史方法。