CAREER: Grounding Nuclear Physics in the Standard Model for New Physics Searches

职业：在新物理搜索的标准模型中奠定核物理基础

• 批准号: 2047185
• 负责人: Amy Nicholson
• 金额: $ 42.5万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-15 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2047185&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Grounding; Nuclear; Physics; Standard

While the Standard Model of particle physics stands as one of our most well-tested physical theories, it is expected to break down under certain conditions, and unexplained observational evidence and theoretical puzzles call for understanding of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). Where and how this new physics originates are some of the biggest outstanding problems of physics; therefore testing the limits of the Standard Model is a primary goal of many high-profile experimental programs in nuclear physics. Such low-energy nuclear tests may be our only hope at discovery if the energy scale of new physics is beyond the reach of accelerators. Quantitative theoretical calculations of these processes are crucial for planning experiments, understanding their backgrounds, and connecting results to various BSM models. This research involves calculations supporting these high-impact nuclear experiments, utilizing some of the largest supercomputing facilities worldwide. Such calculations lead to advancements in high-performance computing, with repercussions for other computational fields. New understanding of nuclear physics has close ties to national security and energy research, and students in the PI's collaboration have already begun careers in these sectors. The educational activities furthermore aim to provide research opportunities for under-represented students at the University of Costa Rica. The fundamental theory behind nuclear interactions is known to be Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Lattice QCD, a numerical formulation, is currently our only known technique for performing QCD calculations relevant for nuclear systems such that theoretical uncertainties are fully quantifiable and errors may be systematically removed. This research will use lattice QCD to calculate single- and multi-hadron observables necessary for understanding experimental searches for new physics including: 1. Searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay, a proposed ultra-rare process which, if observed, would shed light on the origin of the matter/antimatter asymmetry of the Universe, as well as an understanding of the nature of neutrino masses. 2. Measurements of parity violation in hadronic systems, necessary for constraining the Standard Model, and being performed at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 3. Measurements of the neutron lifetime, which currently display experimental tension potentially pointing to new physics contributions. 4. Long baseline neutrino experiments, such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which will probe CP violation and the neutrino mass hierarchy. 5. General low-energy fundamental symmetry tests involving nuclei as laboratories, to be understood and connected to underlying BSM physics via theoretical understanding of nucleon interactions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

虽然粒子物理学的标准模型是我们最好的物理理论之一，但它预计在某些条件下会崩溃，无法解释的观测证据和理论难题需要理解标准模型（BSM）之外的物理学。这种新物理学起源于何处以及如何起源是物理学中一些最大的悬而未决的问题;因此，测试标准模型的极限是核物理学中许多备受瞩目的实验计划的主要目标。如果新物理学的能量尺度超出了加速器的范围，那么这种低能核试验可能是我们发现的唯一希望。这些过程的定量理论计算对于规划实验、理解其背景以及将结果与各种BSM模型相关联至关重要。这项研究涉及支持这些高影响力核实验的计算，利用世界上一些最大的超级计算设施。这种计算导致高性能计算的进步，并对其他计算领域产生影响。 对核物理的新理解与国家安全和能源研究密切相关，PI合作的学生已经开始了这些领域的职业生涯。此外，教育活动旨在为哥斯达黎加中代表性不足的学生提供研究机会。核相互作用的基本理论是量子色动力学（QCD）。格点QCD，一个数值公式，是我们目前唯一已知的技术进行QCD计算相关的核系统，使理论的不确定性是完全量化的，错误可以系统地删除。这项研究将使用格点QCD来计算理解新物理实验搜索所需的单强子和多强子观测量，包括：1。对无中微子双β衰变的研究，这是一种超罕见的过程，如果被观测到，将揭示宇宙物质/反物质不对称的起源，以及对中微子质量性质的理解。2.强子系统宇称破坏的测量，这是限制标准模型所必需的，正在橡树岭国家实验室的Sputron中子源上进行。3.中子寿命的测量，目前显示实验紧张可能指向新的物理贡献。4.长基线中微子实验，如深地下中微子实验（DUNE），将探测CP破坏和中微子质量等级。5.该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Nuclear Forces for Precision Nuclear Physics: A Collection of Perspectives

• DOI: 10.1007/s00601-022-01749-x
• 发表时间: 2022-02
• 期刊: Few-Body Systems
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: I. Tews;Z. Davoudi;A. Ekström;J. Holt;K. Becker;R. Briceño;D. Dean;W. Detmold;C. Drischler;T. Duguet;E. Epelbaum;A. Gasparyan;J. Gegelia;J. Green;H. Grießhammer;Andrew D. Hanlon;M. Heinz;H. Hergert;M. Hoferichter;M. Illa;D. Kekejian;A. Kievsky;S. König;H. Krebs;K. Launey;Dean Lee;P. Navr'atil;A. Nicholson;A. Parreño;D. Phillips;M. Płoszajczak;X. Ren;Thomas R. Richardson;C. Robin;G. Sargsyan;M. Savage;M. Schindler;P. Shanahan;R. Springer;A. Tichai;U. V. Kolck;M. Wagman;A. Walker-Loud;Chi Yang;Xilin Zhang

Towards precise and accurate calculations of neutrinoless double-beta decay

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6471/aca03e
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics
• 作者: V. Cirigliano;Z. Davoudi;J. Engel;R. Furnstahl;G. Hagen;U. Heinz;H. Hergert;M. Horoi;C. W. Johnson-C