Ingassing of Hydrogen in the Interiors of Sub-Neptunes and Gas Giants

大型行星如木星、土星或海王星的内部温度和压力都非常高。在这些条件下，富氢大气和富矿物核心之间的边界行为还没有得到很好的理解。该项目将在地球上利用高压和高温条件进行实验，以确定氢如何相互作用并可能被地核材料吸收。这一结果将有助于回答有关巨型行星内部和历史的问题。该项目将通过大学教育和亚利桑那州立大学的公共推广活动来分享他们的成果。该项目将使用钻石顶压室，将硅酸盐和铁金属合金置于氢介质中，压力高达100 Gpa，温度高达4600 K。所产生的反应将使用时间分辨率X射线衍射进行分析。这些实验的数据将有助于回答这些关键问题：(1)氢能通过化学反应吸入内部吗？(2)如果吸入，氢将以何种化学形式存在(水、金属合金或氢化物)？(3)吸入氢能改变行星的质量-半径关系吗？以及(4)这样的反应会不会受到稠密液态氢金属化的影响，从而与行星的大小有关？该项目包括一个本科生研究项目。将开发计算行星质量-半径关系的教学模块，并将其作为公共代码库的开源教学资源共享。将在亚利桑那州立大学进行公共推广演讲和校园推广活动。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The interiors of large planets such as Jupiter, Saturn, or Neptune are at very high temperatures and pressures. The behavior at the boundary between hydrogen-rich atmospheres and mineral-rich cores under these conditions is not well understood. This project will perform experiments on Earth using high-pressure and high-temperature conditions to determine how hydrogen interacts and is possibly absorbed into the materials of the core. The results will help answer questions about the interiors and history of giant planets. The project will share their results through education at the university level as well as through public outreach events at Arizona State University.The project will use diamond anvil cells to subject silicates and iron metal alloys in hydrogen media to pressures up to 100 GPa and temperatures put to 4,600 K. The resulting reactions will be analyzed using time-resolution X-ray diffraction. The data from these experiments will help answer these key questions: (1) Can hydrogen be ingassed to the interiors through chemical reactions? (2) If ingassed, in what type of chemical forms would H exist (water, metal alloys, or hydrides)? (3) Can H ingassing alter the mass-radius relations of planets? and (4) Can such reactions be affected by the metallization of dense liquid hydrogen and therefore be planet size dependent? The project includes an undergraduate research program. Teaching modules for calculating mass-radius relations of planets will be developed and shared as an open-source teaching resource in public code repositories. Public outreach presentations will be made and campus-wide outreach events at Arizona State University.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.