A multi-scale approach to predicting infectious multi-host disease spread in marine benthic communities

海洋疾病对海洋生态系统具有破坏性影响，这项工作将直接研究了解海洋疾病传播的框架。一个由生态学家、海洋连通性和疾病建模者、微生物学家和珊瑚免疫学家组成的团队（来自维尔京群岛大学（UVI）、路易斯安那州立大学（LSU）、赖斯大学、得克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校和伍兹霍尔海洋研究所）将开发一个模型，预测一种毁灭性的加勒比珊瑚疾病的传播，这种疾病有可能影响珊瑚礁的经济价值，该项目将支持多个少数民族服务机构的研究生的多学科领域和实验室研究经验，并将为本科生提供建模，生态和分子分析技术的实践培训。UVI和路易斯安那州立大学在EPSCoR管辖区，有不同的学生团体，包括许多代表性不足的少数民族（URM）学生。研究团队将合作为URM学生提供STEM领域的研究经验。项目结果将通过虚拟公共节目和维尔京群岛珊瑚病咨询委员会在vicoraldisease.org网站上广泛传播。还将为美属维尔京群岛举办一个珊瑚疾病应对研讨会，会上将介绍项目成果，并用于支持疾病应对规划。在过去四十年中，海洋疾病已使海洋沿海生态系统的生态系统工程师大量死亡，包括岩石潮间带、海草和珊瑚礁。导致这些疾病的病原体往往难以分离、表征和确认，部分原因是它们影响多个宿主物种，并可通过洋流和个人接触传播。在这里，我们提出了一个多尺度的流行病模型，研究海洋疾病，同时解决内主机和补丁内的疾病动态，并明确承认种群之间的病原体的传播。我们的生态学家，连接和疾病建模，微生物学家和珊瑚免疫学家的跨学科研究团队将整合迄今为止海洋疾病传播的最大预测因素：允许抗病性或易感性的个体宿主物种特征，可能具有独特社区结构的社区内的局部传播，以及易感社区之间的流体动力学连接。建模将得到斑块内和斑块间种群特征和疾病动态的丰富数据集以及物种一级疾病反应的分子数据的支持。该项目将通过将多维尺度和不同的宿主易感性纳入现有的流行病学模型来增进对传染病的认识。这一模式将特别推进研究海洋疾病的框架，并有可能阐明一种毁灭性的加勒比珊瑚疾病的传播特性（石珊瑚组织丧失病），符合海洋疾病最令人困惑和臭名昭著的特征：该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

Marine diseases have devastating impacts on ocean ecosystems and this work will directly examine the framework for understanding disease transmission in the ocean. A team of ecologists, ocean connectivity and disease modelers, microbiologists, and coral immunologists (from the University of Virgin Islands (UVI), Louisiana State University (LSU), Rice University, University of Texas-Arlington and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) will develop a model that predicts transmission of a devastating Caribbean coral disease that has the potential to impact the economic value of coral reefs, including those located in the U.S. This project will support multidisciplinary field and laboratory research experiences of graduate students at multiple minority-serving institutions, and will provide undergraduate students with hands-on training in modeling, ecological and molecular analysis techniques. UVI and LSU are in EPSCoR jurisdictions and have diverse student bodies, including numerous under-represented minority (URM) students. The research team will collaboratively provide URM students with research experiences in STEM fields. Project findings will be broadly communicated through virtual public programming, and through the Virgin Islands Coral Disease Advisory Committee with updates on the vicoraldisease.org website. A coral disease response workshop for the U.S. Virgin Islands will also be held, in which project results will be presented and used to support disease response planning.Over the last four decades, marine diseases have decimated ecosystem engineers in marine coastal ecosystems, including the rocky intertidal, seagrasses and coral reefs. The pathogens driving these diseases have frequently been challenging to isolate, characterize and confirm, in part because they affect multiple host species and can spread by ocean currents, as well as through individual contact. Here, we propose a multi-scale epidemic model for studying marine disease that addresses both within-host and within-patch disease dynamics, and explicitly acknowledges the dispersal of pathogens between populations. Our interdisciplinary research team of ecologists, connectivity and disease modelers, microbiologists, and coral immunologists will integrate the largest set of predictors of marine disease spread to date: individual host species traits that allow for disease resistance or susceptibility, local transmission within communities that may have unique community structure, and hydrodynamic connectivity among susceptible communities. Modeling will be supported with rich data sets of within- and among-patch population characteristics and disease dynamics as well as molecular data on species-level disease responses. This project will advance knowledge of infectious diseases by integrating multidimensional scales and differential host susceptibilities into existing epidemiological models. This model will particularly advance the framework for studying marine diseases and has the potential to elucidate the transmission properties of a devastating Caribbean coral disease (stony coral tissue loss disease) that fits the most confounding and notorious hallmarks of marine diseases: infection of multiple hosts by an elusive pathogen.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.