Intersections of String Phenomenology, Cosmology, and Astrophysics

该奖项资助了纽约市立大学莱曼学院路易斯·安乔多基教授的研究。高能物理正处于不断变化的状态。 来自地下粒子对撞机、天体物理学和宇宙学的数据使物理学家能够以前所未有的准确度确定描述我们宇宙的许多参数的值。 这些参数的值被证明是解开宇宙演化基本秘密的钥匙。 描述宇宙最重要的参数之一是所谓的哈勃参数H 0，它量化了宇宙膨胀的速度。不幸的是，最近对这个量的改进测量导致了一个谜，H 0的表观值取决于它是如何测量的。 物理学家使用普朗克卫星研究来自“早期”宇宙（大爆炸后仅约380，000年）的光得到一个值，而物理学家分析来自“晚期”宇宙中恒星和星系的天文观测结果得到不同的值。 这两个H 0值之间的差异被称为“哈勃张力”。 这个难题的解决可能需要涉及理论、解释、数据分析和观察的协调努力。 在这种动态环境中，Anchordoqui教授将研究有助于解决H 0张力的方法，同时为地下对撞机的数据提供可靠的预测。 因此，这一领域的研究通过促进基础科学的进步而增进国家利益。 Anchordoqui教授还将让学生参与他的研究，从而帮助培养下一代科学家。 这些工作包括：对哈勃张力具有潜在宇宙学意义的时间相关弦背景的理论建模;利用蒙特卡罗马尔可夫链方法对弦激发模型以及动力学暗物质框架的显式实现中出现的宇宙学参数进行约束的统计分析;对具有表现出S-对偶性的势能的暴胀动力学的理论和经验建模;以及解释冰立方和费米卫星使用宇宙学中微子与活性-无菌混合的味道进行天体物理测量的张力。Anchordoqui教授还参与了Pierre Auger合作项目，寻找最高能量宇宙射线的起源和性质，并研究远高于LHC所能达到的质心能量的粒子相互作用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award funds the research of Professor Luis Anchordoqui at CUNY Lehman College.High energy physics is in a state of flux. Data from underground particle colliders, from astrophysics, and from cosmology are together allowing physicists to determine with unprecedented accuracy the values of the many parameters that describe our universe. The values of these parameters are turning out to be the keys to unlocking fundamental secrets concerning the evolution of the universe. One of the most prominent parameters describing the universe is the so-called Hubble parameter H0, which quantifies how rapidly the universe is expanding. Unfortunately, recent improved measurements of this quantity have led to a mystery, with the apparent value of H0 depending on how it is measured. Physicists using the Planck satellite to study the light from the "early" universe (only about 380,000 years after the big bang) obtain one value, while physicists analyzing astronomical observations from stars and galaxies in the "late" universe obtain a different value. The discrepancy between these two values of H0 is called the "Hubble tension". The resolution of this conundrum will likely require a coordinated effort involving theory, interpretation, data analysis, and observation. In this dynamic environment, Professor Anchordoqui will study methods that can help address the H0 tension while at the same time providing solid predictions for data from underground colliders. Research in this area thus advances the national interest by promoting the progress of fundamental science. Professor Anchordoqui will also involve students in his research, thereby helping to train the next generation of scientists.More technically, Professor Anchordoqui will pursue a number of different approaches to addressing the Hubble tension. These include theoretical modeling of time dependent stringy backgrounds with potential cosmological implications for the Hubble tension; statistical analyses using Monte Carlo Markov Chain methods to constrain cosmological parameters which arise in string-inspired models as well as in explicit realizations of the Dynamical Dark Matter framework; theoretical and empirical modeling of inflation dynamics with potentials exhibiting S-duality; and interpreting the tension of astrophysical measurements by IceCube and the Fermi satellite using flavors of cosmological neutrinos with active-sterile mixing. Professor Anchordoqui is also involved with the Pierre Auger Collaboration, searching for the origin and nature of the highest-energy cosmic rays and studying particle interactions at center-of-mass energies well beyond those attained at the LHC.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.