Intersections of String Phenomenology, Cosmology, and Astrophysics

这一奖项资助了纽约州立大学雷曼学院的路易斯·安克尔多基教授的研究。高能物理学处于不断变化的状态。来自地下粒子对撞机、天体物理学和宇宙学的数据结合在一起，使物理学家能够以前所未有的精度确定描述我们宇宙的许多参数的值。事实证明，这些参数的值是解开有关宇宙演化的基本秘密的关键。描述宇宙的最重要的参数之一是所谓的哈勃参数H0，它量化了宇宙膨胀的速度。不幸的是，最近对这个量的改进测量导致了一个谜，H0的表观值取决于它是如何测量的。物理学家使用普朗克卫星研究来自“早期”宇宙(大爆炸后仅约38万年)的光，得到了一个值，而物理学家分析了来自“晚”宇宙中恒星和星系的天文观测得到了不同的值。H0的这两个值之间的差异称为“哈勃张力”。这一难题的解决可能需要理论、解释、数据分析和观察的协调努力。在这个动态的环境中，Ancldoqui教授将研究有助于解决H0紧张问题的方法，同时为来自地下对撞机的数据提供可靠的预测。因此，这一领域的研究通过促进基础科学的进步来促进国家利益。安克尔多基教授还将让学生参与他的研究，从而帮助培养下一代科学家。更严格地说，安克尔多基教授将寻求一些不同的方法来解决哈勃紧张问题。其中包括：对依赖时间的弦背景进行理论建模，对哈勃张力具有潜在的宇宙学意义；使用蒙特卡罗马尔科夫链方法进行统计分析，以约束弦激发模型中以及在动力学暗物质框架的显式实现中出现的宇宙学参数；对暴涨动力学进行理论和经验建模，其势呈现S二元性；以及使用具有活跃-非平衡混合的宇宙学中微子的特征来解释冰立方和费米卫星的天体物理测量的张力。Ancldoqui教授还参与了Pierre Auger的合作，寻找最高能量宇宙射线的起源和性质，并研究质心能量下的粒子相互作用，远远超出了LHC所获得的能量。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award funds the research of Professor Luis Anchordoqui at CUNY Lehman College.High energy physics is in a state of flux. Data from underground particle colliders, from astrophysics, and from cosmology are together allowing physicists to determine with unprecedented accuracy the values of the many parameters that describe our universe. The values of these parameters are turning out to be the keys to unlocking fundamental secrets concerning the evolution of the universe. One of the most prominent parameters describing the universe is the so-called Hubble parameter H0, which quantifies how rapidly the universe is expanding. Unfortunately, recent improved measurements of this quantity have led to a mystery, with the apparent value of H0 depending on how it is measured. Physicists using the Planck satellite to study the light from the "early" universe (only about 380,000 years after the big bang) obtain one value, while physicists analyzing astronomical observations from stars and galaxies in the "late" universe obtain a different value. The discrepancy between these two values of H0 is called the "Hubble tension". The resolution of this conundrum will likely require a coordinated effort involving theory, interpretation, data analysis, and observation. In this dynamic environment, Professor Anchordoqui will study methods that can help address the H0 tension while at the same time providing solid predictions for data from underground colliders. Research in this area thus advances the national interest by promoting the progress of fundamental science. Professor Anchordoqui will also involve students in his research, thereby helping to train the next generation of scientists.More technically, Professor Anchordoqui will pursue a number of different approaches to addressing the Hubble tension. These include theoretical modeling of time dependent stringy backgrounds with potential cosmological implications for the Hubble tension; statistical analyses using Monte Carlo Markov Chain methods to constrain cosmological parameters which arise in string-inspired models as well as in explicit realizations of the Dynamical Dark Matter framework; theoretical and empirical modeling of inflation dynamics with potentials exhibiting S-duality; and interpreting the tension of astrophysical measurements by IceCube and the Fermi satellite using flavors of cosmological neutrinos with active-sterile mixing. Professor Anchordoqui is also involved with the Pierre Auger Collaboration, searching for the origin and nature of the highest-energy cosmic rays and studying particle interactions at center-of-mass energies well beyond those attained at the LHC.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.