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Determining Bulk and Surface Degradation Mechanisms in Potassium Ion Batteries

确定钾离子电池的本体和表面降解机制

基本信息

批准号：
2116728
负责人：
Lauren Marbella
金额：
$ 42.3万
依托单位：
Columbia University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-07-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2116728&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Determining Bulk Surface Degradation Mechanisms

项目摘要

Non-technical summary:The development of new types of batteries that do not rely on lithium will enable cheaper and more widespread adoption of renewable energy. Potassium is a particularly attractive option to replace lithium because it has high natural abundance and desirable electrochemical properties. However, simply swapping Li atoms for K leads to severe performance decline in potassium ion battery (KIB) analogues. With this project, supported by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program in the Division of Materials Research at NSF, Prof. Marbella and her research group gather fundamental information required to develop KIBs. They use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study each component of the battery at the molecular-level, including the electrode, the electrolyte, and the electrode/electrolyte interface. Specifically, this research program tests the hypothesis that the larger atomic size of K compared to Li leads to unique degradation mechanisms that ultimately contribute to battery failure. The research project aims to identify the relationship between bulk and interfacial degradation modes and electrochemical behavior in KIBs. This provides insight that generate pathways to redesign materials that are optimal for KIB technologies. Broader impacts of this work include research opportunities and workshops created specifically for underrepresented undergraduate women interested in pursuing graduate education. This research project is also closely integrated with educational activities that engage underrepresented and underprivileged students in energy storage research projects at the undergraduate and high school level through partnerships with Barnard College (all women liberal arts college affiliated with Columbia University) and Ellis Preparatory High School for recent immigrants in the Bronx, respectively.Technical summary:Identifying and parsing the complex interplay between bulk and surface degradation modes in beyond-Li ion batteries is critical to realizing cost-effective solutions for the widespread adoption of electrochemical energy storage. This project, supported by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program in the Division of Materials Research at NSF, leverages the high chemical and elemental specificity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to identify the chemical mechanisms underpinning failure in potentially high capacity tin phosphide anodes for potassium ion batteries (KIBs). The large atomic size of K generates highly disordered and mechanically unstable structures during potassiation of tin phosphides that are susceptible to a loss of electrical connectivity and parasitic side reactions during electrochemical cycling. In the bulk, phase transformations that occur upon K insertion/removal are difficult to measure with traditional materials characterization tools (e.g., diffraction) that require long-range order for structural assignment. In contrast, NMR can directly probe local P and Sn environments in the anodes to identify specific compounds that facilitate reversible K alloying reactions. Further, the volume expansion associated with K insertion exposes fresh surface for electrolyte consumption, presenting the need for strategies that can decipher electrolyte reactivity. NMR is used to describe, at the molecular-level, electrolyte solvation structures that generate unique electrolyte decomposition products. NMR analyses allows the creation of some of the first molecular-level descriptors of bulk phase transformations and interfacial reactivity in KIBs. This research plan is closely integrated with educational activities that engage underrepresented and underprivileged students in energy storage research projects at the undergraduate and high school level through partnerships with Barnard College (all women liberal arts college affiliated with Columbia University) and Ellis Preparatory High School for recent immigrants in the Bronx, respectively.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

非技术性总结：不依赖锂的新型电池的开发将使可再生能源更便宜，更广泛地采用。钾是替代锂的特别有吸引力的选择，因为它具有高天然丰度和理想的电化学性质。然而，简单地将Li原子交换为K导致钾离子电池（KIB）类似物的性能严重下降。通过这个项目，在NSF材料研究部的固态和材料化学计划的支持下，Marbella教授和她的研究小组收集了开发KIB所需的基本信息。他们使用核磁共振（NMR）光谱在分子水平上研究电池的每个组件，包括电极，电解质和电极/电解质界面。具体来说，该研究项目测试了一个假设，即与Li相比，K的原子尺寸较大，导致独特的降解机制，最终导致电池失效。该研究项目旨在确定本体和界面降解模式与KIBs电化学行为之间的关系。这提供了深入的见解，产生的途径，重新设计材料是最佳的KIB技术。这项工作的更广泛影响包括专门为有兴趣接受研究生教育的人数不足的女大学生创造研究机会和举办讲习班。该研究项目还与教育活动紧密结合，通过与巴纳德学院的合作，在本科和高中阶段吸引代表性不足和弱势学生参与储能研究项目。（所有女子文理学院附属于哥伦比亚大学）和埃利斯预备高中的新移民在布朗克斯，分别。技术总结：识别和解析超锂离子电池中本体和表面降解模式之间的复杂相互作用对于实现广泛采用电化学储能的成本效益解决方案至关重要。该项目由NSF材料研究部的固态和材料化学计划支持，利用核磁共振（NMR）的高化学和元素特异性来确定潜在高容量磷化锡阳极失效的化学机制。K的大原子尺寸在磷化锡的钾化过程中产生高度无序和机械不稳定的结构，其在电化学循环过程中容易失去电连接性和寄生副反应。在本体中，在K插入/移除时发生的相变难以用传统的材料表征工具（例如，衍射），需要长程有序结构分配。相反，NMR可以直接探测阳极中的局部P和Sn环境，以识别促进可逆K合金化反应的特定化合物。此外，与K插入相关的体积膨胀暴露了新鲜的表面用于电解质消耗，从而需要可以破译电解质反应性的策略。NMR用于在分子水平上描述产生独特电解质分解产物的电解质溶剂化结构。NMR分析允许创建一些第一个分子水平的描述符的体相转化和界面反应性KIBs。该研究计划与教育活动紧密结合，通过与巴纳德学院的合作，让代表性不足和贫困的学生参与本科和高中阶段的储能研究项目。（所有女子文理学院附属于哥伦比亚大学）和埃利斯预备高中为最近的移民在布朗克斯，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。