The Characterisation of Carbon Deposits using Modern Surface Science and Bulk property Analytical Techniques.

点击翻译按钮获取中文摘要

The impact of carbon-based deposits on climate change and human health is the driver for legislation, fuel technology change and engineering improvements. The carbon species produced by the internal combustion engine have various impacts on emissions and despite many years of research are still not fully understood. Recent work at Nottingham1-3 has shown a paradigm shift in the understanding of these deposits and has had subsequent impact in their reduction.The work has informed industry produce to develop mitigation chemistries to be produced and thus reduce emissions. The project is a unique opportunity to use very sophisticated surface science techniques such as Orbitrap 3D secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The study will involve carbon material from across the powertrain vista, road, rail, off road, marine, and standing. The material will be associated with injector deposits, filter deposits to enable emission reduction and soot, especially those associated with respiratory inflammation cardiovascular health problems and premature mortality. The information regarding the structure of these species will be used to invent mitigation strategies for the benefit of all. Though the work is focussed on carbon this is a unique opportunity to learn to use and interpret data from "state of the art" instrumentation yielding important portability skill sets.References1. "Spatially Resolved Molecular Compositions of Insoluble Multilayer Deposits Responsible for Increased Pollution from Internal Combustion Engines" Max K Edney, Joseph S Lamb, Matteo Spanu, Emily F Smith, Elisabeth Steer, Edward Wilmot, Jacqueline Reid, Jim Barker, Morgan R Alexander, Colin E Snape, David J Scur., ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12 (45), 51026-51035, 2020.2. "Internal Diesel Injector Deposit Chemical Speciation and Quantification Using 3D OrbiSIMS and XPS Depth Profiling", Joseph S Lamb, Jim Barker, Edward Wilmot, David J Scurr, Colin E Snape, Emily F Smith, Morgan R Alexander, Jacqueline Reid. SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility,2020,349 3643. "Molecular formula prediction for chemical filtering of 3D OrbiSIMS Datasets" Max K Edney, Anna M Kotowska, Matteo Spanu, Gustavo F Trindade, Edward Wilmot, Jacqueline Reid, Jim Barker, Jonathan W Aylott, Alexander G Shard, Morgan R Alexander, Colin E Snape, David J Scurr. Analytical chemistry,94,11,4703-4711