MRI: Acquisition of a Hawaii Statewide Mesonet

夏威夷群岛面积很小，气候变化很大，地形复杂，降雨量和植被差异极大。在夏威夷的许多与大气科学、水文学和生态系统科学相关的地区，目前还无法获得对降雨、温度和土壤条件的长期观测。通过这一重大研究仪器奖，夏威夷中子网将建立起来。中尺度网络是一组密集分布的观测站，在这种情况下，主要关注地面天气和陆地观测。中层网将使与夏威夷和其他地形不同地区的人民相关的各种科学研究成为可能。该奖项具有明显的社会相关性，通过伙伴组织，如水和自然资源管理人员、消防部门以及州和联邦组织得到证明。学生和博士后研究人员将获得仪器安装、校准和维护方面的现场经验，来自Mesonet的数据将被纳入课堂，以扩大收购的影响。研究团队还将与旨在促进夏威夷原住民学生参与研究的项目合作。这项重大研究仪器采集奖是为了表彰在全州范围内部署最先进的气候监测站网络。夏威夷的中间网将由84个气象站组成，这些气象站配备了降雨量、空气温度和湿度、风速和风向、太阳和净辐射以及土壤水分、热通量和温度的传感器。每个空间站都将有一个数据记录器，带有太阳能充电的电源，以及允许实时数据传输的数据电信设备。将利用夏威夷中层网进行的三个实例研究包括：1)山区环境中的对流启动，2)确定关键的盆地储水阈值，以便能够预测不同流域范围内的高流量极值，以及3)温度、水分和太阳辐射对不同生态系统类型和条件下生态系统碳通量的交互影响。该项目由物理和动态气象学(PDM)计划、已建立的刺激竞争研究计划(EPSCoR)联合资助。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The Hawaiian Islands have tremendous climatic variability over a small land area, with complex topography and extreme differences in rainfall and vegetation. Long-term observations of rainfall, temperature, and soil conditions are currently unavailable in many areas of Hawaii that are relevant to atmospheric science, hydrology, and ecosystems science. Through this Major Research Instrumentation award, the Hawaii Mesonet will be established. A Mesonet (mesoscale network) is a densely located set of observational stations, in this case focusing on surface weather and land observations. The Mesonet will enable a wide variety of scientific studies with relevance to the people of Hawaii and in other topographically diverse regions. The award has clear societal relevance as evidenced through the partner organizations, such as water and natural resource managers, fire departments, and state and federal organizations. Students and post-doctoral researchers will gain field experience in instrument installation, calibration and maintenance, and data from the Mesonet will be incorporated in classes to expand the impact of the acquisition. The research team will also work with programs intended to boost the involvement of native Hawaiian students in research.This Major Research Instrumentation acquisition award is for the deployment of a statewide network of state-of-the-art climate monitoring stations. The Hawaii Mesonet will consist of 84 climate stations with sensors for rainfall, air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction, solar and net radiation, and soil moisture, heat flux and temperature. The stations will each have a data logger, power supply with solar charging, and data telecom device allowing for real-time data transmission. Three example studies that will be conducted using the Hawaii Mesonet include: 1) Convective initiation in mountainous environments, 2) Identifying critical basin water storage thresholds to enable prediction of high flow extremes in a diverse range of watersheds, and 3) Interactive effects of temperature, moisture, and solar radiation on ecosystem carbon fluxes across diverse ecosystem types and conditions.This project is jointly funded by the Physical and Dynamic Meteorology (PDM) program, the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), and the Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.