Doctoral Dissertation Research: Demographic Patterns of Human Frailty

该奖项全部或部分根据2021年美国救援计划法案（公法117-2）资助。发病率和死亡率的差异受遗传、激素、行为和环境机制的影响。在几乎所有活着的人类群体中，女性的寿命更长，死亡风险更低，但可能出乎意料的是，与男性相比，女性在某些年龄段的发病率更高。本博士论文研究探讨了死亡风险的性别差异（即，脆弱性），以提高对文化依赖的女性死亡率优势的出现和性质的认识。从过去的人口骨骼收集的分析被用来检查过去的生物和社会因素，增加死亡风险和影响人口趋势的时间和上下文信息。关于过去健康差异产生的人类学工作可以帮助管理现代公共卫生挑战，包括当前不同健康结果的产生。此外，该研究还强调了特定背景下的性别形成与生理健康之间的联系。该项目还支持学生科学培训和公共科学教育及外联活动。该项目通过检查发病率，死亡率，发育压力和青春期时间的骨骼标志物，使用估计的性别作为性别的代理，检查性别化的经验和生理结果之间的关系。研究人员调查了现代女性死亡率优势的古老性（即，女性寿命更长，但整体健康状况较差？）通过阐明生物文化和环境因素参与生产的性别为基础的生存优势。该项目使用人口数据（年龄和性别）和骨骼压力标志物来检查不同时期和地区死亡风险的性别差异，并评估青春期时间，以更好地了解生活水平的性别差异。该项目利用适合于古人口数据的统计模型（危害分析），结合骨骼和上下文evidence.This奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2). Differences in morbidity and mortality are influenced by genetic, hormonal, behavioral, and environmental mechanisms. In nearly all living human populations, females experience longer lifespans and lower mortality risks, but perhaps unexpectedly, greater morbidities at some ages compared to males. This doctoral dissertation research explores sex differentials in mortality risk (i.e., frailty) to advance knowledge about the advent and nature of the culturally-dependent female mortality advantage. Analyses of skeletal collections from past populations are used to examine temporal and contextual information on past biological and social factors that increased mortality risks and affected demographic trends. Anthropological work on the production of health disparities in the past can aid in the management of modern public health challenges, including the production of current differential health outcomes. Additionally, the research highlights the connection between context-specific gender formations and physiological well-being. The project also supports student scientific training and public science education and outreach activities. The project examines the relationship between gendered experiences and physiological outcomes by examining skeletal markers of morbidity, mortality, developmental stress, and pubertal timing, using estimated sex as a proxy for gender. The researchers investigate the antiquity of the modern female mortality advantage (i.e., did females live longer, but have poorer overall health?) by elucidating the biocultural and environmental factors involved in the production of sex-based survival advantages. The project uses demographic data (age and sex) and markers of skeletal stress to examine sex differentials in mortality risk across time periods and regions and assess pubertal timing to better understand sex disparities in standards of living. The project utilizes statistical models (hazards analysis) suited to paleodemographic data, in conjunction with skeletal and contextual evidence.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.