Doctoral Dissertation Research: Histories of Stress: A Life Course Approach

该奖项全部或部分由《2021年美国救援计划法案》（公法117-2）资助。生命历程框架认为生物健康不仅仅是个人直接环境的结果。本博士论文项目分析了过去城市发展和气候变化是如何影响人类生物学的，方法是研究贯穿一生的生理应激反应的时间和模式。该项目代表了与骨骼应力标记物的放射测量方法的大规模生物考古整合。过去对城市增长和气候变化的生物影响的研究为现代医疗干预和疫苗接种协议之前的人类应激反应和疾病过程的经验提供了基线。研究结果有可能为日益城市化的世界面临新的气候挑战的现代公共卫生研究和政策提供信息。该项目支持本科生和研究生培训以及一些K-12和公共科学推广工作。本项目从两个考古遗址收集生物考古数据，以测试与人类生物福祉相关的两个概念性生命历程模型。关键时期模型描绘了生命早期暴露与成年后健康之间的联系，而风险累积则考虑了持续和后来的压力暴露如何复合成不同的健康模式。在不同的发育和生长时期发生的骨骼应力的非特异性标记，以及独立的感染标记和x线片收集了代表历史上多个时期的个体。统计模型用于探索压力标记的协方差，以及不同时间的压力暴露模式如何导致不同的发病率和死亡率概况。生命历程视角与古人口分析相结合，根据长期发生的人口、气候和社会变化，为不断变化的健康动态提供了新的视角。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2). A life course framework views biological well-being as more than just a consequence of an individual’s immediate environment. This doctoral dissertation project analyzes how urban growth and climate change affected human biology in the past by examining both the timing and pattern of physiological stress responses that manifest across a lifespan. The project represents a large scale bioarchaeological integration of radiogrammetry methods with markers of skeletal stress. The examination of biological impacts of urban growth and climate change in the past provide a baseline for human experiences with stress reaction and disease processes prior to modern medical intervention and vaccination protocols. The results have the potential to inform modern public health research and policy in an increasingly urban world facing new climatic challenges. The project supports undergraduate and graduate training and a number of K-12 and public science outreach efforts. This project collects bioarchaeological data from two archaeological sites to test two conceptual life course models related to human biological well-being. The critical period model draws a link between early life exposures and later adult health while accumulation of risk considers how continuous and later stress exposures compound into differential patterns of health. Non-specific markers of skeletal stress that occur during different development and growth periods, as well as independent markers of infection, and radiographs are collected for individuals representing multiple time periods in the historic past. Statistical models are used to explore the co-variance of stress markers and how patterns of stress exposure at different times result in differential morbidity and mortality profiles. A life course perspective combined with paleodemographic analyses offers new perspectives on changing health dynamics in light of the demographic, climatic, and social changes occurring over time.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.