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SBE-RCUK: Diet, Migration and Health in the Context of Mortality Crises

SBE-RCUK：死亡危机背景下的饮食、移民和健康

基本信息

批准号：
1722491
负责人：
Sharon DeWitte
金额：
$ 16.25万
依托单位：
University of South Carolina at Columbia
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2022-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1722491&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
SBE RCUK Diet Migration Health

项目摘要

Crisis mortality is a dramatic but temporary increase in mortality rate resulting from a single factor, such as a disease epidemic, famine, flood, and warfare. Crisis mortality was important in the past and still has the potential to powerfully shape human demography and biological variation. Anthropological work on past mortality crises has not yet fully clarified the factors that created vulnerability to mortality during different crisis events and the longer-term consequences of demographic crises. Using large skeletal samples from medieval England, Dr. Sharon DeWitte (University of South Carolina), in collaboration with Dr. Julia Beaumont (University of Bradford, UK) and Dr. Janet Montgomery (Durham University, UK), will integrate paleodemographic and isotope analyses to examine temporal changes in diet and migration at the time of the 14th-century Black Death and the interactions among diet, migration, demography, health, sex, and socioeconomic status in the context of the medieval mortality crises of famine and plague. This project will highlight the cultural and social factors that affect crisis events and their outcomes. The results of this project can aid predictions about what might happen in future demographic crises. Clarifying the wider social and economic contexts of mortality crises contributes to the development of policies that can reduce their occurrence and effects. The Black Death and its context provide fascinating examples that capture the public attention and imagination, which can be leveraged to produce positive change. By revealing what happened at the time of the Black Death, this project can motivate action in the face of crises today. Such action might include increased spending on disease research, and efforts to reduce disparities in access to food, medical care, and other resources that affect vulnerability to and mortality during crises.Clarifying how dietary resources were distributed in the medieval period will allow for an examination of the ways in which general resource availability in a population does not necessarily translate into widespread benefits in the face of socially-, economically-, or politically-prescribed patterns of access to those resources. This project will also contribute to an understanding of long-term changes in migration in the context of disaster and particularly the health consequences thereof. This project will be done using over 2400 skeletons from medieval England using hazards-analysis based approaches in combination with isotope data to achieve the following objectives: 1) determine whether diet improved significantly for different segments of society following the Black Death; 2) examine the effect of migrant status on risk of death during the Black Death and determine whether patterns of migration or the health of migrants changed following the Black Death; 3) determine the factors that affected risks of medieval famine mortality; and 4) determine whether the experience of famine substantially affected risks of mortality during the Black Death, other medieval famines, and under conditions of normal medieval mortality.This proposal is awarded under the SBE-RCUK Lead Agency Agreement.

危机死亡率是由疾病流行、饥荒、洪水和战争等单一因素导致的死亡率急剧但暂时的增加。危机死亡率在过去很重要，现在仍然有可能有力地塑造人类人口统计和生物变异。关于以往死亡率危机的人类学工作尚未完全澄清在不同危机事件期间造成死亡率脆弱性的因素以及人口危机的长期后果。莎伦·德威特博士利用来自中世纪英格兰的大型骨骼样本（南卡罗来纳州大学），与朱莉娅·博蒙博士合作（英国布拉德福德大学）和珍妮特蒙哥马利博士（达勒姆大学，英国），将整合古人口和同位素分析，以研究在14世纪黑死病时饮食和迁移的时间变化，以及饮食，迁移，人口，健康，性别和社会经济地位的背景下，中世纪的死亡率危机的饥荒和瘟疫。该项目将突出影响危机事件及其后果的文化和社会因素。该项目的结果可以帮助预测未来人口危机可能发生的情况。澄清死亡率危机的更广泛的社会和经济背景，有助于制定能够减少其发生和影响的政策。黑死病及其背景提供了吸引公众注意力和想象力的迷人例子，可以利用这些例子来产生积极的变化。通过揭示黑死病发生时发生的事情，这个项目可以激励人们在今天面临危机时采取行动。这种行动可包括增加疾病研究的开支，努力减少在获得粮食、医疗保健和其他资源方面的差距，这些差距影响到危机期间的脆弱性和死亡率，澄清中世纪时期饮食资源的分配方式将有助于审查人口中的一般资源供应如何不一定转化为广泛的利益，经济上或政治上规定的获取这些资源的模式。该项目还将有助于了解灾害背景下移徙的长期变化，特别是灾害对健康的影响。该项目将使用来自中世纪英格兰的2400多具骨骼，使用基于危险分析的方法结合同位素数据来实现以下目标：1）确定黑死病后社会不同阶层的饮食是否得到了显着改善;（二）研究黑死病期间移民身份对死亡风险的影响，并确定移民模式或移民健康是否发生变化黑死病之后3）确定影响中世纪饥荒死亡率风险的因素; 4）确定在黑死病、其他中世纪饥荒期间以及在正常中世纪死亡率的条件下，饥荒的经历是否对死亡率风险产生了实质性影响。