SBIR Phase II: Thermo-optic Rooftop Modulation Using Thermal Panes for Building Energy Decarbonization

这一小型企业创新研究(SBIR)二期项目的广泛影响/商业潜力可能会使建筑中65%的能源需求来自可再生供暖和制冷，从而减少13/4的消耗，并可能为消费者节省数十亿美元。建筑物占全球二氧化碳(CO2)排放量的28%，到2040年，至少三分之二的建筑物仍将存在。要实现显著的节能COSET，将需要一种与天然气和电网供暖、供暖、通风和空调(HVAC)系统竞争的改装解决方案。这样的翻新还必须容易地部署在各种建筑类型和建筑中。正在开发的技术是一种安装在屋顶上的嵌板阵列，白天提供太阳能热量，晚上以辐射方式冷却。这项技术可能能够全年供应建筑能源，这对屋顶清洁能源解决方案来说是一种颠覆性的能力。这种资源的低成本和可再生特性还可能确保建筑物所有者和居民获得无碳能源，这种能源更便宜、更不稳定，在传统天然气和电网来源的能源供应中断时具有更强的弹性。SBIR第二阶段项目旨在验证一种可再生地为建筑物产生供暖和制冷资源的嵌板屋顶技术。主要的解决方案是燃烧燃料以获取热量，并使用电网电力来驱动蒸汽压缩以供冷却。建议的解决方案描述了一系列隔热玻璃，将屋顶转换为活跃的环境界面，通过吸收、辐射和对流过程不断优化热量的提取和排出。这项技术持续运行，以满足建筑能源需求。通过调节玻璃的热光性能，该解决方案使流体流动能够改变内部光学和热传递配置。对该技术的评估将从制造原型开始，这些原型结合了用于集成发泡聚异、氟和聚烯烃聚合物的新型热结合技术。太阳模拟器将评估效率和输出温度，这是一个迭代过程，以探索内部流体流动、可见光和红外辐射路径以及热损失机制的作用。随后将在屋顶上部署一个阵列，并将其耦合到建筑能源系统。将收集数据来评估对能源消耗和整体供暖/制冷的影响，同时开发用于玻璃调节的控制算法。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project may enable the generation of as much as 65% of a building’s energy needs from renewable heating and cooling, reducing consumption by 13 Quads and saving consumers potentially billions of dollars. Buildings account for 28% of all carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions worldwide and at least 2/3 of these structures will still exist in the year 2040. Achieving significant energy coset reductions will require a retrofit solution that is competitive with natural gas and grid-powered heating and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Such a retrofit must also be easily deployed in a wide variety of building types and architectures. The technology under development is a roof-mounted, panelized array that provides solar heat during the day and radiatively cools at night. The technology may be able to supply building energy resources throughout the year, a disruptive capability for a rooftop clean energy solution. The low cost and renewable nature of this resource may also insure that building owners and residents have access to carbon-free energy that is less expensive, less volatile, and more resilient in the face of interruptions to energy supplied from conventional gas and grid sources.This SBIR Phase II project seeks to validate a panelized rooftop technology to renewably generate heating and cooling resources for buildings. Dominant solutions combust fuel for heat and use grid electricity to power vapor compression for cooling. The proposed solution describes an array of thermal panes that convert a roof into an active environmental interface that continually optimizes the extraction and rejection of heat via absorptive, radiative, and convective processes. The technology continually operates in response to building energy needs. By modulating pane thermo-optic properties the solution enables fluid flow to alter the internal optical and heat transfer configuration. Evaluation of the technology will begin with manufacturing prototypes that incorporate novel thermal bonding techniques for integrating foamed polyiso-, fluoro-, and poly-olefin polymers. A solar simulator will assess efficiency and output temperatures, an iterative process to explore the role of internal fluid flows, visble and infrared radiation paths, and thermal loss mechanisms. An array will be subsequently deployed on a rooftop and coupled to the building energy system. Data will be collected to assess the impact on energy consumption and overall heating/cooling while developing control algorithms for pane modulation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.