SBIR Phase II: Thermo-optic Rooftop Modulation Using Thermal Panes for Building Energy Decarbonization

这个小型企业创新研究（SBIR）第二阶段项目的更广泛的影响/商业潜力可能使建筑物的能源需求的65%来自可再生加热和冷却，减少13个四分之一的消耗，并为消费者节省数十亿美元。建筑物占全球二氧化碳（CO2）排放量的28%，其中至少三分之二的建筑物将在2040年仍然存在。实现显著的能源陪集减少将需要一个改造解决方案，与天然气和电网供电的加热和加热，通风和空调（HVAC）系统竞争。这种改造还必须容易地部署在各种各样的建筑类型和架构中。正在开发的技术是一种安装在屋顶的面板式阵列，白天提供太阳能热量，晚上辐射冷却。该技术可能能够全年供应建筑能源，这是屋顶清洁能源解决方案的颠覆性能力。这种资源的低成本和可再生性还可以确保建筑物业主和居民能够获得无碳能源，这种能源价格更低，波动性更小，并且在面临传统天然气和电网能源供应中断时更具弹性。SBIR第二阶段项目旨在验证屋顶面板技术，以可再生方式为建筑物产生供暖和制冷资源。主要的解决方案是燃烧燃料供热，并使用电网电力为蒸汽压缩提供动力以进行冷却。所提出的解决方案描述了一系列热窗格，将屋顶转换为主动环境界面，通过吸收，辐射和对流过程不断优化热量的提取和排出。该技术持续运行，以满足建筑物的能源需求。通过调节窗格热光特性，该解决方案使流体流动能够改变内部光学和热传递配置。该技术的评估将开始与制造原型，采用新的热粘合技术，整合泡沫聚异，氟，聚烯烃聚合物。太阳模拟器将评估效率和输出温度，这是一个迭代过程，用于探索内部流体流动，可见光和红外辐射路径以及热损失机制的作用。随后将在屋顶部署一个阵列，并将其与建筑物能源系统耦合。将收集数据以评估对能源消耗和整体加热/冷却的影响，同时开发窗格调制的控制算法。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project may enable the generation of as much as 65% of a building’s energy needs from renewable heating and cooling, reducing consumption by 13 Quads and saving consumers potentially billions of dollars. Buildings account for 28% of all carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions worldwide and at least 2/3 of these structures will still exist in the year 2040. Achieving significant energy coset reductions will require a retrofit solution that is competitive with natural gas and grid-powered heating and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Such a retrofit must also be easily deployed in a wide variety of building types and architectures. The technology under development is a roof-mounted, panelized array that provides solar heat during the day and radiatively cools at night. The technology may be able to supply building energy resources throughout the year, a disruptive capability for a rooftop clean energy solution. The low cost and renewable nature of this resource may also insure that building owners and residents have access to carbon-free energy that is less expensive, less volatile, and more resilient in the face of interruptions to energy supplied from conventional gas and grid sources.This SBIR Phase II project seeks to validate a panelized rooftop technology to renewably generate heating and cooling resources for buildings. Dominant solutions combust fuel for heat and use grid electricity to power vapor compression for cooling. The proposed solution describes an array of thermal panes that convert a roof into an active environmental interface that continually optimizes the extraction and rejection of heat via absorptive, radiative, and convective processes. The technology continually operates in response to building energy needs. By modulating pane thermo-optic properties the solution enables fluid flow to alter the internal optical and heat transfer configuration. Evaluation of the technology will begin with manufacturing prototypes that incorporate novel thermal bonding techniques for integrating foamed polyiso-, fluoro-, and poly-olefin polymers. A solar simulator will assess efficiency and output temperatures, an iterative process to explore the role of internal fluid flows, visble and infrared radiation paths, and thermal loss mechanisms. An array will be subsequently deployed on a rooftop and coupled to the building energy system. Data will be collected to assess the impact on energy consumption and overall heating/cooling while developing control algorithms for pane modulation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.