Collaborative Research: NNA Research: Global changes, local impacts: Study of glacial fjords, ecosystems and communities in Greenland

新北极航行（NNA）是NSF的十大创意之一。NNA项目解决快速变化的北极地区的趋同科学挑战。北极研究需要为国家、更大地区和地球仪的经济、安全和恢复力提供信息。NNA授权从地方到国际规模的新的研究伙伴关系，使下一代北极研究人员多样化，加强正规和非正规教育的努力，并在适当的情况下整合知识的共同生产。该奖项通过解决以下NNA重点领域中社会系统、自然环境和建筑环境之间的相互作用实现了这一目标的一部分：北极居民、数据和观测、预测和全球影响。峡湾是连接冰川覆盖的陆地和海洋的狭长入口。冰川融水和沉积物的释放使这些沃茨营养丰富。这些条件支持健康的海洋生态系统，海鸟，海洋哺乳动物和鱼类密度高。因此，许多以捕鱼和狩猎为生的北极定居点位于冰川峡湾附近。北极变暖正在推动冰川退缩，导致海洋沃茨变暖，降低了峡湾生态系统的繁荣。此外，商业捕鱼、资源开采和旅游等人类活动对沿海地区的影响越来越大。对北极沿海边缘变化的研究主要集中在冰盖变化的影响上，对周围峡湾系统的重视相对较少。更少的研究仍然试图整合不断变化的自然和社会系统对峡湾的影响。该项目的目标是了解这些变化的综合影响如何影响更大的峡湾系统，包括冰，峡湾，海洋生态系统以及依赖它们谋生的当地社区。这一目标将通过由海洋学家，冰川学家，气候科学家，环境历史学家，渔业和生态系统专家组成的跨学科团队对格陵兰峡湾的物理，生物和社会系统相互作用进行详细研究来实现。这项研究的重点将是在格陵兰岛的两个不同的峡湾，以了解其独特的特点如何影响冰峡湾海洋生物当地人系统。信息将传播到美国和格陵兰政府，社区和其他利益相关者制定适应性战略，以维持峡湾系统在不断变化的北极。该项目的目标是提高对维持冰川峡湾生态系统的物理和生物过程的理解。这将通过综合分析历史数据、收集新数据和模型预测来实现。具体的研究活动包括：㈠对格陵兰的两个峡湾进行取样航行，以获得物理、生物和化学海洋学测量数据; ㈡海洋系泊，以测量这些系统的季节性变化; ㈢收集鱼卵和仔鱼，以利用粒子跟踪模型测量峡湾系统的迁移情况并建立模型; ㈣进行遥感和区域规模的建模，以评估峡湾的冰川变化; ㈤利用气候和冰盖模型得出未来预测; ㈥通过与格陵兰伙伴进行档案和现场研究，整理和分析当地社会历史。结果将被纳入一个详细的比较分析的气候，生态系统和社会力量影响生态系统的可持续性在地方和国家一级。美国和格陵兰研究人员之间的合作将通过产生可用于帮助制定适应性战略和可持续实践的信息来造福社会。对本科生和研究生的培训给社会带来了额外的好处，一名研究生研究员将不仅通过大学教学和学术出版，而且通过通俗语言出版物、新网站、电影和其他多媒体制作、公开讲座、该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) is one of NSF's 10 Big Ideas. NNA projects address convergence scientific challenges in the rapidly changing Arctic. The Arctic research is needed to inform the economy, security, and resilience of the Nation, the larger region, and the globe. NNA empowers new research partnerships from local to international scales, diversifies the next generation of Arctic researchers, enhances efforts in formal and informal education, and integrates the co-production of knowledge where appropriate. This award fulfills part of that aim by addressing interactions among social systems, natural environments, and the built environment in the following NNA focus areas: Arctic Residents, Data and Observations, Forecasting, and Global Impact.Fjords are long narrow inlets that connect glacier-covered land to the ocean. The release of meltwater and sediments from the glaciers makes these waters nutrient rich. These conditions support healthy marine ecosystems with high densities of seabirds, marine mammals, and fishes. As a result, many Arctic settlements whose livelihoods depend on fishing and hunting are located near glacial fjords. Arctic warming is driving the retreat of glaciers, resulting in a warming of the ocean waters that has decreases the prosperity of fjord ecosystems. In addition, human activities such as commercial fishing, resource extraction, and tourism increasingly influence coastal regions. Research on changes in Arctic coastal margins has focused primarily on the impact of changing ice sheets, with comparatively less emphasis on the surrounding fjord systems. Fewer studies still seek to integrate the impacts of changing natural and social systems on fjords. The goal of this project is to understand how the combined impact of these changes affect the greater fjord system comprised of the ice, the fjords, the marine ecosystem, and the local communities that rely on them for their livelihood. This goal will be achieved through a detailed study of physical, biological, and social system interactions in Greenland fjords by an interdisciplinary team of oceanographers, glaciologists, climate scientists, environmental historians, fisheries, and ecosystem experts. The focus of this study will be on two different fjords in Greenland to understand how their unique characteristics influence the ice-fjord-marine life-local people system. Information will be disseminated to US and Greenlandic governments, communities, and other stakeholders to develop adaptive strategies to sustain fjord systems in a changing Arctic.The goal of this project is to improve understanding of the physical and biological processes that sustain ecosystems in glacial fjords. This will be achieved through an integrated analysis of historical data, collection of new data, and model projections. Specific research activities include: i) sampling cruises to two fjords in Greenland to obtain physical, biological, and chemical oceanographic measurements; ii) ocean mooring to measure the seasonal variability of these systems; iii) collection of fish eggs and larvae for measurement and modeling of transport in fjord systems using particle tracking models; iv) remote sensing and regional-scale modeling to assess glacier changes in the fjords; v) use of climate and ice sheet models to derive future projections; and vi) collation and analysis of local societal histories through archival and on-site research with Greenlandic partners. Results will be integrated into a detailed comparative analysis of the climatic, ecosystem, and societal forces influencing ecosystem sustainability at the local and national level. The collaboration between US and Greenlandic researchers will benefit society by generating information that can be used to help develop adaptive strategies and sustainable practices. Additional benefits to society result from the training of undergraduate and graduate students, and a postgraduate fellow Results will be results will be shared not only through university teaching and academic publishing but also with the broader public in the USA and Greenland through plain-language publications, new websites, a film and other multimedia productions, public lectures, and new international partnerships.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.