NNA Research: Collaborative Research: Fate of the Caribou: from local knowledge to range-wide dynamics in the changing Arctic

NNA 研究：合作研究：驯鹿的命运：从当地知识到不断变化的北极的广泛动态

• 批准号: 2127272
• 负责人: Mark Hebblewhite
• 金额: $ 66.99万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-11-01 至 2024-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2127272&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NNA; Research; Collaborative; Fate; Caribou

Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) is one of NSF's 10 Big Ideas. NNA projects address convergence scientific challenges in the rapidly changing Arctic. This Arctic research is needed to inform the economy, security and resilience of the Nation, the larger region and the globe. NNA empowers new research partnerships from local to international scales, diversifies the next generation of Arctic researchers, enhances efforts in formal and informal education, and integrates the co-production of knowledge where appropriate. This award fulfills part of that aim by addressing interactions among the natural environment and built environment in the following NNA focus areas: Arctic Residents, Data and Observation, Forecasting, and Global Impact.The most abundant large animal in the Arctic is caribou (Rangifer tarandus). Caribou have significant influences on social and natural systems. These animals perform the longest terrestrial migrations on Earth in herds of up to half a million individuals. Caribou are central to the spiritual and material culture of Indigenous peoples across the North. In many communities, food security depends directly on caribou presence. Caribou are also an important part of Arctic ecosystems through their impact on forest and tundra. It is therefore extremely concerning that global caribou numbers have declined over recent decades, with some herds collapsing by over 95% since 1990. These declines are likely related to the many environmental changes occurring in the Arctic, but the true causes are unknown. This research follows the leadership of Indigenous communities and other stakeholders to directly address the future of caribou across northern Alaska and Canada. The project trains students and postdoctoral fellows at several U.S. universities, contributing to a strong STEM workforce. Results are disseminated broadly, and data are accessible to the public, including valuable new spatial data products and visualizations. Understanding caribou decline is one of the most pressing concerns in the Arctic, and this project provides data to inform decision-making on the management of a vital resource. This project tests hypotheses that relate specific climatic and ecological relationships to the movements of populations of migratory caribou. The hypotheses are directly informed by local observations and the immediate concerns of affected communities. Several relevant changes in Arctic environments include: tundra vegetation, snow quality and quantity, fire regimes, insect harassment, and impacts of built environments. The analyses use an unprecedented compilation of caribou monitoring and satellite collar tracking data amassed by partners in territorial and federal agencies across northern Alaska and Canada, combined with Indigenous Knowledge and remote sensing of vegetation, fire, snow, and land-cover. Strong, well-established relationships with Arctic community partners, including Indigenous-led co-management governance boards and government agencies, enable a broad knowledge base. By leveraging an enormous collaborative network, it is possible to compare and contrast caribou populations, highlighting both fundamental processes and local particularities of relevant interactions. The ultimate outcome will be the ability to generally anticipate the fate of caribou as the Arctic continues to change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

新北极航行（NNA）是NSF的十大创意之一。NNA项目解决快速变化的北极地区的趋同科学挑战。这项北极研究需要为国家、更大地区和地球仪的经济、安全和复原力提供信息。NNA授权从地方到国际规模的新的研究伙伴关系，使下一代北极研究人员多样化，加强正规和非正规教育的努力，并在适当的情况下整合知识的共同生产。该奖项通过解决以下NNA重点领域的自然环境和建筑环境之间的相互作用实现了部分目标：北极居民，数据和观测，预测和全球影响。北极最丰富的大型动物是驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus）。驯鹿对社会和自然系统有重大影响。这些动物在地球上进行最长的陆地迁徙，多达50万只。驯鹿是整个北方土著人民精神和物质文化的核心。在许多社区，粮食安全直接取决于驯鹿的存在。驯鹿也是北极生态系统的重要组成部分，因为它们对森林和苔原产生影响。因此，令人极为担忧的是，近几十年来，全球驯鹿数量有所下降，自1990年以来，一些驯鹿群的数量减少了95%以上。这些下降可能与北极发生的许多环境变化有关，但真正的原因尚不清楚。这项研究遵循土著社区和其他利益相关者的领导，直接解决整个北方阿拉斯加和加拿大驯鹿的未来。该项目在美国几所大学培训学生和博士后研究员，为强大的STEM劳动力做出贡献。成果得到广泛传播，公众可以获得数据，包括宝贵的新空间数据产品和可视化。了解驯鹿数量的减少是北极地区最紧迫的问题之一，该项目提供了数据，为管理这一重要资源的决策提供信息。 该项目检验将特定气候和生态关系与迁徙驯鹿种群移动联系起来的假设。这些假设直接来自当地的观察和受影响社区的直接关切。北极环境的一些相关变化包括：苔原植被、雪的质量和数量、火灾状况、昆虫骚扰和建筑环境的影响。这些分析使用了前所未有的驯鹿监测和卫星项圈跟踪数据汇编，这些数据是由北方阿拉斯加和加拿大的领土和联邦机构的合作伙伴收集的，结合了土著知识和植被、火灾、积雪和土地覆盖的遥感。与北极社区合作伙伴，包括土著人领导的共同管理治理委员会和政府机构建立了牢固、良好的关系，从而形成了广泛的知识基础。通过利用一个巨大的协作网络，可以比较和对比驯鹿种群，突出相关互动的基本过程和当地特殊性。最终的结果将是能够普遍预测驯鹿的命运，因为北极继续变化。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过评估使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准的支持。

项目成果

Mapping tundra ecosystem plant functional type cover, height and aboveground biomass in Alaska and northwest Canada using unmanned aerial vehicles, 2018-2019

使用无人机绘制阿拉斯加和加拿大西北部苔原生态系统植物功能类型覆盖度、高度和地上生物量，2018-2019

• DOI: 10.18739/a2r785q5b
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Arctic Data Center
• 作者: Orndahl, Kathleen

Memories of Migrations Past: Sociality and Cognition in Dynamic, Seasonal Environments

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.742920
• 发表时间: 2021-10
• 作者: E. Gurarie;S. Potluri;G. Cosner;R. S. Cantrell;W. Fagan

Plant functional type aboveground biomass change within Alaska and northwest Canada mapped using a 35-year satellite time series from 1985 to 2020

使用 1985 年至 2020 年 35 年卫星时间序列绘制的阿拉斯加和加拿大西北部植物功能类型地上生物量变化

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac9d50
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Environmental Research Letters
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Orndahl, Kathleen M.;Macander, Matthew J.;Berner, Logan T.;Goetz, Scott J.
• 通讯作者: Goetz, Scott J.