LTREB: TESTING FOR FACULTATIVE SWITCHING BETWEEN MIGRATORY STRATEGIES IN A PARTIALLY MIGRATORY, LONG-LIVED LARGE HERBIVORE POPULATION

LTREB：在部分迁徙、长寿的大型草食动物种群中测试迁徙策略之间的兼性转换

• 批准号: 1556248
• 负责人: Mark Hebblewhite
• 金额: $ 43.47万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-01 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1556248&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTREB; TESTING; FACULTATIVE; SWITCHING; BETWEEN

Animal migrations figure among the most spectacular natural phenomena, ranging from Monarch butterflies that migrate up to 3,000 miles to over-winter in warm climates to Arctic terns that travel each year between the Arctic and the Antarctic. Migratory species are declining worldwide due to human disturbance, habitat loss, and climate change. In the presence of these ongoing changes, the ecology of migration has become an important management issue. This research extends a 15-year study of elk to understand why, across migratory species, there are individuals that migrate and those that do not migrate within a single population. The project will help understand the causes of migratory decision-making among elk and the implications of altered migratory behavior for elk conservation and management. The researchers will engage graduate students in journalism, who will develop diverse media outlets to communicate results broadly, and in geography, who will develop web interfaces for the public to view elk migration virtually. The project will offer internships to Native American students through the Native American Natural Resource Program at the University of Montana. General fascination with migratory animals along with the broad appeal of elk to conservationists, hunters, and Native Americans alike promise effective citizen outreach and engagement. The researchers will use a partly-migratory population of elk as a model system to understand the context-dependent costs and benefits of partial migration. The project builds on long-term knowledge of the demography of more than 300 individually marked female elk of known age, individual reproductive rates, and juvenile survival rates, combined with spatial analyses of migratory behavior measured by Global Positioning System (GPS) collars. The researchers will monitor both intrinsic factors such as age and reproductive history and extrinsic factors such as forage and predation risk to test competing and interacting hypotheses to understand why a long-lived mammal switches between migratory strategies in the face of environmental change. They will next incorporate results on the causes of switching into a population model that explicitly tests for the effects of switching on population dynamics. A Bayesian state-space population model, Bayesian model selection, and cross-validation of competing models with and without different switching functions will test between two alternate hypotheses for the population dynamic effects of partial migration as well as the relative importance of bottom-up (forage) versus top-down (predation) forces on population growth rates.

动物迁徙是最壮观的自然现象之一，从迁徙3,000英里到温暖气候中过冬的帝王蝶到每年在北极和南极之间旅行的北极蝶。由于人类活动的干扰、栖息地的丧失和气候变化，迁徙物种在全球范围内正在减少。在这些不断变化的情况下，移徙生态已成为一个重要的管理问题。这项研究扩展了对麋鹿为期15年的研究，以了解为什么在迁徙物种中，单个种群中存在迁徙的个体和不迁徙的个体。该项目将有助于了解麋鹿迁徙决策的原因，以及麋鹿迁徙行为改变对麋鹿保护和管理的影响。研究人员将让新闻学研究生参与进来，他们将开发多种媒体渠道来广泛传播研究结果，而地理学研究生将为公众开发网络界面，以虚拟方式查看麋鹿迁移。该项目将通过蒙大拿大学的美洲原住民自然资源方案为美洲原住民学生提供实习机会。对迁徙动物的普遍迷恋沿着麋鹿对自然资源保护者、猎人和美洲原住民的广泛吸引力，保证了有效的公民外联和参与。研究人员将使用部分迁移的麋鹿种群作为模型系统，以了解部分迁移的成本和收益。 该项目建立在对300多只已知年龄、个体生殖率和少年存活率的单独标记的雌性麋鹿的人口统计学的长期知识的基础上，并结合对全球定位系统（GPS）项圈测量的迁徙行为的空间分析。研究人员将监测年龄和生殖史等内在因素以及饲料和捕食风险等外在因素，以测试竞争和相互作用的假设，以了解为什么长寿的哺乳动物在面对环境变化时会在迁移策略之间切换。接下来，他们将把转换原因的结果纳入一个人口模型，明确测试转换对人口动态的影响。一个贝叶斯状态空间人口模型，贝叶斯模型的选择和交叉验证的竞争模型，有和没有不同的开关功能将测试两个替代假设之间的人口动态影响的部分迁移，以及自下而上（饲料）与自上而下（捕食）的人口增长率的相对重要性。

项目成果

Disturbance type and species life history predict mammal responses to humans

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15650
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Global Change Biology
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: J. P. Suraci;Kaitlyn M. Gaynor;Maximilian L Allen;P. Alexander;J. Brashares;Sara J. Cendejas-Zarelli;K. Crooks;L. Elbroch;Tavis Forrester;Austin M. Green;J. Haight;Nyeema C. Harris;M. Hebblewhite;F. Isbell;Barbara E. Johnston;R. Kays;P. Lendrum;Jesse S. Lewis;A. McInturff;W. McShea;Thomas W. Murphy;M. Palmer;A. Parsons;Mitchell A. Parsons;Megan E. Pendergast;C. Pekins;L. Prugh;K. Sager-Fradkin;Stephanie G Schuttler;Ç. Şekercioğlu;Brenda Shepherd;Laura S. Whipple;J. Whittington;G. Wittemyer;C. Wilmers

Potential case of pseudo-hermaphroditism in Elk (Cervus canadensis) in Alberta, Canada

加拿大阿尔伯塔省麋鹿（Cervus canadensis）的潜在假两性畸形病例

• DOI: 10.22621/cfn.v134i3.2481
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: The Canadian Field-Naturalist
• 作者: Normandeau, Jacalyn;Martin, Hans;Merrill, Evelyn H.;Hebblewhite, Mark
• 通讯作者: Hebblewhite, Mark

Density-Dependent Foraging Behaviors on Sympatric Winter Ranges in a Partially Migratory Elk Population

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00269
• 发表时间: 2020-08-21
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Merrill，Evelyn;Killeen，Joshua;Hebblewhite，Mark
• 通讯作者: Hebblewhite，Mark