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SWIFT: Electronically-Reconfigurable Surfaces for Improved Coexistence Between Radio Astronomy and Satellite Communications Systems

SWIFT：电子可重构表面，以改善射电天文学和卫星通信系统之间的共存

基本信息

批准号：
2128506
负责人：
Steven Ellingson
金额：
$ 74.85万
依托单位：
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2128506&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
SWIFT Electronically Reconfigurable Surfaces Improved

项目摘要

The next few years will see a dramatic increase in the use of satellites in low Earth orbit to deliver world-wide continuous broadband low-latency communications to rural and remote locations. Radio telescopes will need to contend with increased interference from satellites in the largest sidelobes. The gap between what can be achieved by spectrum regulation and administrative coordination, and what is needed for productive science, must be bridged by technical methods. This project intends to study the use of electronically-reconfigurable surfaces (ERS) to enable large reflector antennas to dynamically modify their sidelobes. ERS is an array of patch-type antennas with characteristics that can be individually electronically controlled. Such an array in the outer portion of a dish antenna can strongly reduce interference from the side. However, the characteristics of the dish must be known. The extent to which this problem can be ameliorated by spectrum regulation or administrative coordination between satellite system operators and radio astronomers is limited: Ultimately, satellite system operators have the right to operate at the carrier frequencies allocated to them, whereas astrophysical considerations dictate the need to observe at times and frequencies affected by these transmissions. The gap between what can be achieved by spectrum regulation and administrative coordination, and what is needed for productive science, must be bridged by technical methods. A practical ERS occupying the outer 17% of a reflector can effectively null interference from any from direction beyond the main lobe, with negligible effect on gain and pattern within the main lobe. The principal difficulty in the implementation of a practical ERS is control; that is, determining the set of unit cell phase shifts that implements the desired pattern. Because the sidelobes of large reflectors are not accurately known, and because interference direction of arrival is rapidly varying, any deterministically determined solution will be approximate at best, so real-time optimization will be required. This research will investigate the use of ERS for practical coexistence between radio astronomy systems and satellite transmissions, potentially leading to advanced, wide-ranging sharing techniques applicable to many situations. It will also support undergraduate students in a project that addresses a full range of issues.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

今后几年，将大量增加使用低地球轨道卫星向农村和偏远地区提供全球连续宽带低延迟通信。射电望远镜将需要在最大的旁瓣中与来自卫星的越来越多的干扰作斗争。频谱管理和行政协调所能实现的目标与生产性科学所需的目标之间的差距必须通过技术方法来弥合。本计画旨在研究利用电子可重构表面（ERS）使大型反射面天线能够动态地改变其旁瓣。地球资源卫星是一个贴片式天线阵列，其特点是可以单独进行电子控制。在碟形天线的外部中的这种阵列可以强烈地减少来自侧面的干扰。但是，必须了解菜肴的特点。通过频谱管理或卫星系统运营商与射电天文学家之间的行政协调可在多大程度上改善这一问题是有限的：归根结底，卫星系统运营商有权在分配给他们的载波频率上运营，而天体物理学方面的考虑则要求必须在受这些传输影响的时间和频率上进行观测。频谱管理和行政协调所能实现的目标与生产性科学所需的目标之间的差距必须通过技术方法来弥合。一个实际的ERS占用外部17%的反射器可以有效地零干扰从任何方向超出主瓣，增益和方向图的影响可以忽略不计的主瓣。在实际ERS的实施中的主要困难是控制，也就是说，确定实现所需模式的单位单元相移的集合。由于大型反射器的旁瓣并不准确，并且由于干扰到达方向快速变化，因此任何确定性确定的解决方案充其量都是近似的，因此需要实时优化。这项研究将探讨如何利用地球资源促进射电天文学系统和卫星传输之间的实际共存，从而有可能导致适用于许多情况的先进的、范围广泛的共享技术。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。