RAPID: Phosphorus Molecular Biogeochemistry during a Rapidly Changing Nutrient Load in Tampa Bay, FL

RAPID：佛罗里达州坦帕湾营养负荷快速变化期间的磷分子生物地球化学

• 批准号: 2131222
• 负责人: Matthew Pasek
• 金额: $ 7.15万
• 依托单位: University of South Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2131222&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Phosphorus; Molecular; Biogeochemistry; during

In late March 2021, a reservoir containing 500 million gallons of wastewater from a fertilizer production plant began leaking into nearby Tampa Bay, Florida, and then was drained into the bay when the reservoir looked to be in danger of catastrophic failure. This drainage added over a year’s worth of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen to the bay in a two-week period. The effects of this rapid addition of these critical nutrients on the local ecosystem will be investigated by specifically focusing on changes to the molecular chemistry of phosphorus. This in turn will help understand how life adapts to rapid changes to the local environmental nutrient load. Given that such rapid infusions of nutrients are a growing problem in many water bodies throughout the world, understanding the biological response to such events could in turn help mitigate future problematic phosphate infusions. Much of the research for this project will be conducted by graduate students at the University of South Florida as part of their scientific training.The biogeochemical response of algae and microorganisms within the bay to this rapid change in nutrient load will be investigated. This will be accomplished by analyzing water and particulates along a cross section of Tampa Bay, from the north side that has yet to be infiltrated by a high P nutrient load, to the south where the discharge occurred. Samples will be taken both at the surface and at depth, and will be taken over the course of one year, which is estimated as a possible residence time of this high nutrient load. Samples will be analyzed primarily by 31P NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), which provides an in-depth analysis of the bulk molecular P chemistry, distinguishing between various P molecules such as inorganic P compounds (e.g., orthophosphate), polyphosphates (e.g., pyrophosphate), organophosphate monoesters (e.g., lipid phosphates), organophosphate diesters (e.g., DNA), and phosphonates (e.g., methylphosphonate). Total phosphorus will be determined by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry). Spatial and temporal data on the molecular products of a rapidly changing nutrient load will provide a better understanding of how organisms adapt to this changing system. For instance, rapid growth may simply result in more biomolecules such as orthophosphate monoesters and diesters being produced, and as such, the P released by this discharge is unlikely to persist in the environment as P flushes out. However, if the phosphorus is instead stored within refractory polyphosphates and phosphonates, then this may implicate a longer P residence time, as these molecules indicate a longer-term storage of P by microorganisms. The overarching goal will be to better constrain how microbes incorporate excess phosphorus into their biochemical molecules for long-term storage.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2021年3月下旬，一个从肥料生产工厂开始泄漏到佛罗里达州坦帕湾附近的水库，当时水库似乎处于灾难性失败的危险时，开始泄漏到佛罗里达州坦帕湾附近的水库。这种排水在为期两周的时间内增加了一年多的磷（P）和氮。这些关键养分快速添加对局部生态系统的影响将通过专门关注磷的分子化学变化来研究。反过来，这将有助于了解生活如何适应当地环境营养负荷的快速变化。鉴于在世界上许多水体中，这种养分的快速输注是一个日益增长的问题，因此了解对此类事件的生物学反应反过来又可能有助于减轻未来的有问题的磷酸盐输注。该项目的大部分研究将由南佛罗里达大学的研究生进行，这是他们科学培训的一部分。将研究海湾内藻类和微生物对这种营养负荷这种快速变化的生物地球化学反应。这将通过分析北侧的坦帕湾横截面的水和部分来实现，该水从北侧尚未被高的P养分负荷渗透到出院的南部。样品将在表面和深度处采集，并将在一年的时间内采集，这估计是这种高营养负荷的可能停留时间。样品将主要通过31p NMR（核磁共振光谱法）进行分析，该样品可对大量分子P化学进行深入分析，从而区分各种P分子，例如无机P化合物，例如无机P化合物（例如，正磷酸盐），多磷酸盐，多磷酸盐（例如，pyprophophophate，pyprophophophate），有机磷酸磷酸盐层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层覆层层层层覆层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层。二酮（例如DNA）和磷酸盐（例如甲基膦酸酯）。总磷将通过ICP-OES（电感耦合等离子光光谱法）确定。迅速变化的营养负荷的分子产物的空间和临时数据将更好地理解生物如何适应这种变化的系统。例如，快速生长可能只是导致更多的生物分子（例如正磷酸盐单植物和戴斯特人）产生的生物分子，因此，由于P冲洗P，该放电释放的P不太可能在环境中持续存在。但是，如果相反将磷储存在难治性的多磷酸盐和磷酸盐中，则可能暗示较长的P停留时间，因为这些分子表明微生物通过微生物长期存储P。总体目标是更好地限制微生物如何将过量的磷纳入其生物化学分子中以进行长期存储。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响来审查标准的评估，被视为珍贵的支持。