RAPID: Hot spring microbial response to magma intrusion at Fagradalsfjall volcano, Iceland

RAPID：冰岛 Fagradalsfjall 火山温泉微生物对岩浆入侵的反应

• 批准号: 2132774
• 负责人: Karen Lloyd
• 金额: $ 5.11万
• 依托单位: University of Tennessee Knoxville
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-01 至 2023-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2132774&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Hot; spring; microbial; response

On March 19, 2021 Fagradalsfjall volcano, near Reykjavik Iceland, began erupting, resulting in a new and prominent fissure. Volcanic eruptions release volatile gases underground that make their way to hot springs on the Earth's surface. The purpose of this RAPID project is to sample and analyze the microbial communities in the hot springs near the volcano. The PI and her team will employ a recently developed approach to track hot spring microbes and their activities on continental-scales. They will sample microbial communities across many different geothermal hot springs along a geological gradient, using a broad suite of simultaneously-collected geochemical measurements. A rapid response is necessary to take these samples during active volcanic activity. The work is being coordinated with collaborators in Iceland and will enhance international scientific collaboration. Video of the expedition will be shared via social media and in public presentations. The PI and her team have demonstrated that measuring a large number of geochemical constituents (e.g., carbon and nitrogen isotopes, metals, and noble gases in the aqueous, gas, and solid phases) and microbiological data (16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries, metagenomes, metatranscriptomes, and cell counts), enabled microbial community compositions and functions to be linked to the most salient geochemical factors for each part of the community. Beneath the Fagradalsfjall volcano, seismic activity indicates that magmas are injected along a NE-SW trending fault system, where abundant natural hot springs occur. This project will test the hypothesis that the microbial communities in hot springs near the volcanic activity will experience more pronounced reactions to volatile fluxes than those in distal hot springs. By sampling hot springs variably influenced by the nearby magmatic intrusions, microbial ecosystems will be tracked across a gradient of volatile influence. Since these expulsions are short-lived, the sampling campaign is extremely time-sensitive. This study will have unprecedented access to a gradient of nascent magmatic disturbances to hydrothermal ecosystems. It will link hot spring microbial communities with the deep subsurface nutrients that may drive them, which has not yet been explored in a plume-driven continental rift. Filmed products of the expedition and scientific studies will be shared via social media and outreach with the public.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2021年3月19日，冰岛雷克雅未克附近的Fagradalsfjall火山开始喷发，形成了一个新的明显的裂缝。火山喷发释放出地下的挥发性气体，这些气体进入地球表面的温泉。这个RAPID项目的目的是采样和分析火山附近温泉中的微生物群落。PI和她的团队将采用最近开发的方法来跟踪温泉微生物及其在大陆尺度上的活动。他们将利用同时收集的一套广泛的地球化学测量数据，沿着地质梯度对许多不同的地热温泉的微生物群落进行取样。在活火山活动期间采集这些样品需要快速反应。这项工作正在与冰岛的合作者进行协调，并将加强国际科学合作。这次探险的视频将通过社交媒体和公开演讲分享。PI和她的团队已经证明，测量大量的地球化学成分（例如，水相、气相和固相中的碳和氮同位素、金属和稀有气体）和微生物学数据（16S rRNA基因扩增子文库、宏基因组、亚转录组和细胞计数），可以将微生物群落的组成和功能与群落每个部分最显著的地球化学因素联系起来。在Fagradalsfjall火山下方，地震活动表明岩浆是沿着NE-SW走向的断裂系统注入的，该断裂系统有丰富的天然温泉。该项目将验证一个假设，即靠近火山活动的温泉中的微生物群落对挥发性通量的反应比远端温泉中的微生物群落更明显。通过对受附近岩浆侵入的不同影响的温泉进行采样，微生物生态系统将沿着挥发性影响的梯度进行跟踪。由于这些驱逐是短暂的，抽样活动对时间非常敏感。这项研究将前所未有地接触到热液生态系统的新生岩浆扰动梯度。它将把温泉微生物群落与可能驱动它们的深层地下营养物质联系起来，这一点尚未在羽流驱动的大陆裂谷中被探索过。探险和科学研究的拍摄成果将通过社交媒体与公众分享。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。