Meeting: SICB symposium for January 2022: Causal Mechanisms of Metabolic Scaling

会议：2022 年 1 月 SICB 研讨会：代谢缩放的因果机制

• 批准号: 2141592
• 负责人: Jon Harrison
• 金额: $ 1.37万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2023-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2141592&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Meeting; SICB; symposium; January; 2022

This project supports a symposium focused on the causal mechanisms responsible for the relationship between animal metabolic rate and body size, or metabolic scaling, to be held at the January 2022 meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. The symposium brings together an interdisciplinary and diverse group of senior and early-career scientists to discuss and synthesize the current understanding of this topic and to identify gaps for future investigations. One of the most important parameters explaining the structure and function of animals is their body size. Larger animals are not just scaled-up versions of small animals. They have lower heart rates, move their limbs more slowly during running, and eat and burn less fuel per pound. The tendency for larger animals to use less energy per pound is termed “hypometric metabolic scaling.” This size-related difference is critical for biomedical and veterinary procedures, agriculture, and ecology. For example, drug doses must be reduced in larger animals because they metabolize drugs more slowly, and scaling must be taken into account when estimating food needs of cattle and the crop consumption of locusts. While we know how body size affects patterns in animal structure, function, and metabolism, we lack an understanding of the molecular mechanisms explaining why these patterns occur, and the symposium addresses this gap. Symposium speakers will publish at least ten manuscripts related to metabolic scaling, and will together write a synthetic paper that outlines how ecological, biomechanical, and evolutionary processes create metabolic scaling. Development of a rigorous understanding of the evolutionary factors that drive metabolic scaling will contribute broadly to basic and applied biology.Body size explains a large fraction of phenotypic variation in all animal groups, with many aspects of morphology, behavior, physiology, ecology, and evolution differing between small and large animals. However, biologists have a limited understanding of the causes of these scaling patterns. Of all scaling patterns, the hypometric scaling of metabolic rate has been particularly well-established, and the lower mass-specific energy turnover in larger animals is thought to drive many other observed scaling patterns such as lower mass-specific food consumption or smaller territories. This award will fund a symposium, “Causal Mechanisms of Metabolic Scaling,” at the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology meeting in January 2022. This will be the first symposium to focus on how natural selection acts differentially on animals of different body sizes in ways that produce interspecific metabolic scaling patterns. The symposium will encourage connections across fields, by bringing together scientists who are paleontologists, behaviorists, physiologists, biomechanists, neuroscientists, and ecologists. This symposium will lead to the production of at least ten papers in the journal, Integrative and Comparative Biology. The speakers will also meet by zoom before and after the meeting, and in a workshop after the symposium, to prepare a synthesis paper, written collaboratively by all participants, that will synthesize the diverse perspectives that exist on metabolic scaling. The symposium promotes inclusive scientific training by including many scientists who are early-career and/or from groups currently under-represented in science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目支持一个研讨会，重点是负责动物代谢率和身体大小之间的关系，或代谢缩放的因果机制，将在2022年1月的综合和比较生物学学会会议上举行。研讨会汇集了一个跨学科和多样化的高级和早期职业科学家小组，讨论和综合目前对这一主题的理解，并确定未来调查的差距。解释动物结构和功能的最重要参数之一是它们的身体大小。大型动物不仅仅是小型动物的放大版本。他们的心率较低，在跑步时四肢移动更慢，每磅食物和燃烧的燃料更少。大型动物每磅消耗较少能量的趋势被称为“低代谢比例”。这种大小相关的差异对于生物医学和兽医程序，农业和生态学至关重要。例如，必须减少较大动物的药物剂量，因为它们代谢药物的速度较慢，在估计牛的食物需求和蝗虫的作物消费量时，必须考虑到比例。虽然我们知道身体大小如何影响动物结构，功能和代谢模式，但我们缺乏对解释这些模式发生原因的分子机制的理解，研讨会解决了这一差距。研讨会发言人将发表至少十篇与代谢缩放相关的手稿，并将共同撰写一篇综合论文，概述生态学，生物力学和进化过程如何创建代谢缩放。发展一个严格的理解的进化因素，推动代谢缩放将有助于广泛的基础和应用biology.Body大小解释了所有动物群体的表型变异的很大一部分，与许多方面的形态，行为，生理学，生态学和进化之间的差异，小型和大型动物。然而，生物学家对这些缩放模式的原因了解有限。在所有缩放模式中，代谢率的高度量缩放已经特别完善，并且认为较大动物中较低的质量比能量周转率驱动许多其他观察到的缩放模式，例如较低的质量比食物消耗或较小的领土。该奖项将资助一个研讨会，“代谢缩放的因果机制”，在社会综合和比较生物学会议在2022年1月。这将是第一次专题讨论会，重点是自然选择如何不同的方式，产生种间代谢缩放模式的动物不同的身体大小。研讨会将鼓励跨领域的联系，汇集科学家谁是古生物学家，行为学家，生理学家，生物力学，神经科学家和生态学家。这次研讨会将导致至少十篇论文在杂志上，综合和比较生物学。演讲者还将在会议前后通过zoom进行会面，并在研讨会后的研讨会上准备一份由所有参与者共同撰写的综合论文，该论文将综合代谢缩放的不同观点。该研讨会通过包括许多早期职业生涯和/或来自目前在科学领域代表性不足的群体的科学家来促进包容性的科学培训。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Racing Time: Physiological Rates and Metabolic Scaling in Marine Mammals

比赛时间：海洋哺乳动物的生理速率和代谢规模

• DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac054
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Integrative and Comparative Biology
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Williams, Terrie M

The Effect of Pregnancy On Metabolic Scaling and Population Energy Demand in the Viviparous Fish Gambusia affinis

妊娠对胎生鱼代谢规模和群体能量需求的影响

• DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac099
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Integrative And Comparative Biology
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Moffett, Emma R.;Fryxell, David C.;Benavente, J. N.;Kinnison, M. T.;Palkovacs, E. P.;Symons, C. C.;Simon, K. S.
• 通讯作者: Simon, K. S.

Can Sex-Specific Metabolic Rates Provide Insight into Patterns of Metabolic Scaling?

特定性别的代谢率能否提供对代谢规模模式的洞察？

• DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac135
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Integrative and Comparative Biology
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Somjee, Ummat;Shankar, Anusha;Falk, Jay J
• 通讯作者: Falk, Jay J

The Pace of Life: Metabolic Energy, Biological Time, and Life History

• DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac058
• 发表时间: 2022-12-06
• 期刊: INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Brown, James H.;Burger, Joseph R.;Hall, Charles A. S.
• 通讯作者: Hall, Charles A. S.

Growth and Mortality as Causes of Variation in Metabolic Scaling Among Taxa and Taxonomic Levels

生长和死亡率是类群和分类水平之间代谢规模变化的原因

• DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac038
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Integrative and Comparative Biology
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Norin, Tommy