Meeting: SICB symposium for January 2022: Causal Mechanisms of Metabolic Scaling

该项目支持将在综合与比较生物学学会2022年1月会议上举行的一次研讨会，重点是动物代谢率与身体大小或代谢比例之间的关系的因果机制。该专题讨论会汇集了一批跨学科的、各式各样的资深和职业早期科学家，以讨论和综合目前对这一专题的理解，并为今后的研究找出差距。解释动物结构和功能的最重要的参数之一是它们的身体大小。较大的动物不仅仅是小动物的放大版本。他们的心率较低，在跑步时四肢移动得更慢，每磅吃的和燃烧的燃料更少。体型较大的动物每磅消耗的能量较少的趋势被称为“低速新陈代谢标度”。这种与大小相关的差异对生物医学和兽医程序、农业和生态学至关重要。例如，必须减少较大动物的药物剂量，因为它们代谢药物的速度较慢，在估计牛的食物需求和蝗虫的作物消费时必须考虑到比例。虽然我们知道身体大小如何影响动物结构、功能和新陈代谢的模式，但我们缺乏对解释这些模式发生的分子机制的理解，而研讨会解决了这一差距。研讨会演讲者将发表至少10篇与新陈代谢尺度有关的手稿，并将共同撰写一篇合成论文，概述生态、生物力学和进化过程如何创造新陈代谢尺度。发展对驱动代谢尺度的进化因素的严格理解将有助于基础生物学和应用生物学的广泛发展。体型大小解释了所有动物群体中很大一部分表型差异，在形态、行为、生理、生态和进化的许多方面在小动物和大动物之间存在差异。然而，生物学家对这些鳞片模式的原因了解有限。在所有的标度模式中，代谢率的超速标度已被特别确立，大型动物中较低的质量比能量周转被认为推动了许多其他观察到的标度模式，如较低的质量比食物消耗量或较小的区域。这一奖项将资助在2022年1月的综合与比较生物学学会会议上举办的一个研讨会，名为“新陈代谢结垢的因果机制”。这将是第一次集中讨论自然选择如何以产生种间代谢比例模式的方式对不同体型的动物起不同作用的研讨会。通过聚集古生物学家、行为学家、生理学家、生物机械学家、神经学家和生态学家，研讨会将鼓励跨领域的联系。本次研讨会将在《综合与比较生物学》杂志上发表至少10篇论文。发言者还将在会议前后举行会议，并在专题讨论会后的一个研讨会上开会，以编写一份由所有与会者共同撰写的综合文件，该文件将综合现有关于代谢标度的不同观点。该研讨会通过包括许多职业生涯早期和/或来自目前在科学中代表性不足的群体的科学家来促进包容性科学培训。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project supports a symposium focused on the causal mechanisms responsible for the relationship between animal metabolic rate and body size, or metabolic scaling, to be held at the January 2022 meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. The symposium brings together an interdisciplinary and diverse group of senior and early-career scientists to discuss and synthesize the current understanding of this topic and to identify gaps for future investigations. One of the most important parameters explaining the structure and function of animals is their body size. Larger animals are not just scaled-up versions of small animals. They have lower heart rates, move their limbs more slowly during running, and eat and burn less fuel per pound. The tendency for larger animals to use less energy per pound is termed “hypometric metabolic scaling.” This size-related difference is critical for biomedical and veterinary procedures, agriculture, and ecology. For example, drug doses must be reduced in larger animals because they metabolize drugs more slowly, and scaling must be taken into account when estimating food needs of cattle and the crop consumption of locusts. While we know how body size affects patterns in animal structure, function, and metabolism, we lack an understanding of the molecular mechanisms explaining why these patterns occur, and the symposium addresses this gap. Symposium speakers will publish at least ten manuscripts related to metabolic scaling, and will together write a synthetic paper that outlines how ecological, biomechanical, and evolutionary processes create metabolic scaling. Development of a rigorous understanding of the evolutionary factors that drive metabolic scaling will contribute broadly to basic and applied biology.Body size explains a large fraction of phenotypic variation in all animal groups, with many aspects of morphology, behavior, physiology, ecology, and evolution differing between small and large animals. However, biologists have a limited understanding of the causes of these scaling patterns. Of all scaling patterns, the hypometric scaling of metabolic rate has been particularly well-established, and the lower mass-specific energy turnover in larger animals is thought to drive many other observed scaling patterns such as lower mass-specific food consumption or smaller territories. This award will fund a symposium, “Causal Mechanisms of Metabolic Scaling,” at the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology meeting in January 2022. This will be the first symposium to focus on how natural selection acts differentially on animals of different body sizes in ways that produce interspecific metabolic scaling patterns. The symposium will encourage connections across fields, by bringing together scientists who are paleontologists, behaviorists, physiologists, biomechanists, neuroscientists, and ecologists. This symposium will lead to the production of at least ten papers in the journal, Integrative and Comparative Biology. The speakers will also meet by zoom before and after the meeting, and in a workshop after the symposium, to prepare a synthesis paper, written collaboratively by all participants, that will synthesize the diverse perspectives that exist on metabolic scaling. The symposium promotes inclusive scientific training by including many scientists who are early-career and/or from groups currently under-represented in science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.