CAREER: Designing Human-Centered Privacy, Security, and Data Ethics for Non-Primary Smart Device Users

智能手机和平板电脑的推出开启了一种趋势，即人们拥有和使用多个连接到传感器和互联网的“智能”计算设备。流行的智能设备包括手表、门铃、相机、锁、电视和扬声器。智能设备提供了更好的生活、工作、娱乐、创造和照顾他人的方式。但它们也带来了隐私问题、安全漏洞以及不公平和不透明的潜在用途。例如，人们可以使用智能安全摄像头来监视和监视邻居、家政工人、路人和其他家庭成员的活动。具有空间传感功能的智能设备--如麦克风、摄像头和位置跟踪--可能会识别和跟踪附近的人。非主要用户，如客人、室友和送货司机，可以与智能设备交互，但感知、同意和控制有限。该项目将研究主要用户和非主要用户如何与智能设备交互，以及如何相互作用，以更好地了解他们的关切和偏好。研究结果将用于开发新产品和界面的原型，以改善非主要用户的隐私。来自这些原型的见解将被概括为对从业者和教育工作者的设计建议。该项目还将解决设计权衡和利益相关者冲突，这些冲突需要纯粹的技术解决方案以外的政策和战略回应。该教育计划将数字隐私、网络安全和数据伦理纳入设计和人机交互教育和推广活动中。这项研究将应用跨学科设计过程来开发设计原型、模式和原则，以改善以人为中心的数据隐私、安全和相互关联的伦理关切，包括信任、透明度和公平性。设计原则是以实践为基础的启发式或指导方针，用于理解设计问题并做出和解释设计决策。设计模式是重复出现的设计问题的通用解决方案。它们通常用于设计和软件工程的许多领域。将进行实地工作，以了解不同利益攸关方的做法和偏好，重点是智能设备的非主要用户。经验结果将为与设计模式相对应的新原型的设计、开发、部署和分析提供信息。这项研究将有助于整合设计、工程和隐私/安全专业知识的长期研究计划，以促进积极的社会变革和伦理研究与实践。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The introduction of smartphones and tablet computers began a trend of people owning and using multiple “smart" computing devices connected to sensors and the Internet. Popular smart devices include watches, doorbells, cameras, locks, televisions, and speakers. Smart devices offer better ways of living, working, playing, creating, and caring for others. But they also introduce privacy concerns, security vulnerabilities, and potentials for unfair and opaque uses. For example, people may use smart security cameras to surveil and monitor the activities of neighbors, domestic workers, passersby, and other household members. Smart devices with spatial sensing capabilities--such as microphones, cameras, and location tracking--may identify and track people nearby. Non-primary users, such as guests, roommates, and delivery drivers, may interact with smart devices, but with limited awareness, consent, and control. This project will study how primary and non-primary users interact with smart devices, and each other, to better understand their concerns and preferences. Findings will be used to develop prototypes for new products and interfaces to improve privacy for non-primary users. Insights from these prototypes will be generalized into design recommendations for practitioners and educators. The project will also address design tradeoffs and stakeholder conflicts that demand policy and strategy responses beyond purely technological solutions. The education plan incorporates digital privacy, cybersecurity, and data ethics into design and human-computer interaction education and outreach activities.This research will apply interdisciplinary design processes to develop design prototypes, patterns, and principles for improving human-centered data privacy, security, and interrelated ethical concerns, including trust, transparency, and fairness. Design principles are practice-based heuristics or guidelines used to understand design problems and to make and explain design decisions. Design patterns are generalized solutions to recurring design problems. They are commonly used across many fields of design and software engineering. Fieldwork will be conducted to understand the practices and preferences of diverse stakeholders with a focus on non-primary users of smart devices. Empirical results will inform the design, development, deployment, and analysis of novel prototypes corresponding to design patterns. This research will contribute to a long-term research program integrating design, engineering, and privacy/security expertise to promote positive social change and ethical research and practice.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.