CAREER: Interactive Effects of Land Cover and Climate Change on Forest Carbon Sequestration: Integration of Research and Education to Advance Fundamental Science and Inclusivity

职业：土地覆盖和气候变化对森林碳固存的相互作用：研究和教育相结合，促进基础科学和包容性

• 批准号: 2145950
• 负责人: Andrew Reinmann
• 金额: $ 101.08万
• 依托单位: Research Foundation CUNY - Advanced Science Research Center
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2027-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2145950&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Interactive; Effects; Land; Cover

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).Temperate forests remove more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than any other terrestrial ecosystem and thus play a critical role in slowing the rate of climate change. However, temperate forests are also the most heavily fragmented forest biome in the world. Deforestation from urbanization and agricultural expansion creates heterogeneous landscapes with large spatial gradients in growing conditions for trees. Trees at the forest edge grow faster than those in the forest interior, yet are more negatively impacted by extreme weather like high temperatures and drought. The mechanisms explaining why tree growth in fragmented forests is more negatively impacted by climate stress than in intact forests remain unknown. The scientific community’s understanding of how climate affects tree growth and forest carbon sequestration are largely based on studies from interior forest ecosystems, away from forest edges. This past focus on interior forests limits our understanding of carbon cycling across the large and growing proportion of temperate forests that is influenced by fragmentation. This study integrates a field experiment and modeling to test the interactive effects of forest fragmentation and climate on tree growth and forest carbon sequestration. The project is intended to transform how we think about the future of the temperate forest’s capacity to sequester carbon in a world facing ongoing changes in climate and land cover and thus will inform climate change mitigation strategies. This work is paired with initiatives aimed at addressing major barriers to inclusion in environmental biology and improving communication between academics and stakeholders, including engaging minority students and high school teachers in research and holding workshops with academics, educators, and forest managers. The goals of the proposed work are to develop a mechanistic understanding of the interactive effects of forest fragmentation and climate on forest carbon sequestration and the role these interactions play in modulating carbon balance across human-dominated landscapes. These goals will be accomplished by establishing a new experiment to manipulate precipitation regimes (i.e., ambient precipitation, high precipitation, and drought) in both edge-influenced and interior temperate broadleaf forests. This experiment will also leverage naturally occurring variations in air temperature across time to explore the roles of forest fragmentation and water availability in forest carbon sequestration response to excessive heat. Data generated from this experiment will be used to modify an existing Earth system model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model) to improve depictions of forest carbon cycling across human-landscapes and in response to climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是根据2021年《美国救援计划法》的全部或部分资助（公法117-2）。森林从大气中删除比任何其他陆地生态系统中的二氧化碳更多，因此在降低气候变化速度中起着至关重要的作用。但是，温度森林也是世界上最严重的森林生物群落。城市化和农业扩张的森林砍伐会在生长的树木生长条件下产生异质景观，并具有很大的空间梯度。森林边缘的树木比森林内部的树木生长快，但受到高温和干旱等极端天气的影响更大。解释了为什么零散森林中树木生长的机制比完整森林中更负面影响，这是未知的。科学界对气候如何影响树木生长和森林碳疗程的理解主要基于远离森林边缘的室内森林生态系统的研究。过去的重点是内部森林，限制了我们对受破碎影响影响的碳循环的理解。这项研究集成了一个现场实验和建模，以测试森林碎片化和气候对树木生长和森林碳螯合的互动效应。该项目旨在改变我们如何看待温度森林在面临气候和土地覆盖持续变化的世界中隔离碳的未来，从而为气候变化缓解策略提供了信息。这项工作与旨在解决包含在环境生物学中的主要障碍并改善学术界与利益相关者之间的沟通的主要障碍，包括吸引少数群体学生和高中教师参与研究，并与学者，教育者和森林经理举办研讨会。拟议的工作的目标是对森林碎片化和气候对森林碳固相的互动效应的互动效果发展，以及这些相互作用在调节跨人类主导景观的碳平衡方面的作用。这些目标将通过建立新的实验来操纵受边缘影响和内部温度阔叶林中的降水状态（即环境降水，高降水和干旱）来实现。该实验还将利用随时间的空气温度自然发生的自然变化，以探索森林碎片化和水的可用性在森林碳疗法中对过量热量的反应。该实验产生的数据将用于修改现有的地球系统模型（Energy Exascale Ears System模型），以改善对人类景观的森林碳循环的描述，并响应气候变化。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用该基金会的智力功能和广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务。