Housing Market Discrimination and Residential Segregation, 1920-1970

住房市场歧视和居住隔离，1920 年至 1970 年

• 批准号: 2147919
• 负责人: John Logan
• 金额: $ 40.42万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-15 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2147919&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Housing; Market; Discrimination; Residential; Segregation

Racial and ethnic segregation in U.S. cities has been linked to a wide range of contemporary social problems, including inequalities in employment, education, and health. This study investigates the origins of the very high levels of residential segregation in metropolitan areas that were reached by the mid- to late-20th Century. The project examines which neighborhoods were targeted for restrictive covenants, deeds that restrict a property owner from renting or selling to identified racial and ethnic groups. The study considers the impact of both restrictive covenants and mortgage redlining – the designation of racial and ethnic minority neighborhoods as high-risk for lending – on neighborhood and socioeconomic change. In addition to the experience of African Americans, this study investigates the segregation of Hispanic Americans, who were a major presence in many urban areas as early as the 1930s. The research generates new data infrastructure that will be useful to other social scientists, including high resolution GIS maps and census data across 45 major cities for every decade from 1920 through 1970.To better understand the origins and impacts of residential segregation, this project intensively studies 45 major metropolitan areas in the period 1920-1970. Data sources include newly available redlining maps prepared by the Home Owners Loan Corporation in the late 1930s, mapped data on the location of restrictive covenants in several cities, and Census data at the enumeration district scale. Data visualization is paired with models of neighborhood change that estimate the effects of redlining and restrictive covenants over time. Better understanding the processes that created residential segregation is useful to decision-makers who are taking steps to undermine residential segregation and its social and economic harms.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国城市中的种族和民族隔离与一系列当代社会问题有关，包括就业、教育和健康方面的不平等。这项研究调查了20世纪中后期在大都市地区达到的非常高的居住隔离水平的起源。该项目调查了哪些社区成为限制性契约的目标，这些契约限制房主将房屋出租或出售给确定的种族和民族群体。这项研究考虑了限制性公约和抵押贷款红线--将种族和少数民族社区指定为贷款的高风险--对社区和社会经济变化的影响。除了非裔美国人的经历，这项研究还调查了拉美裔美国人的隔离问题，早在20世纪30年代，拉美裔美国人就是许多城市地区的主要存在。这项研究产生了新的数据基础设施，将对其他社会科学家有用，包括从1920年到1970年每十年45个主要城市的高分辨率地理信息系统地图和人口普查数据。为了更好地了解居住隔离的起源和影响，该项目深入研究了1920-1970年期间的45个主要大都市地区。数据来源包括房主贷款公司在20世纪30年代末准备的新可用的红线地图，几个城市限制性契约位置的地图数据，以及以枚举区为尺度的人口普查数据。数据可视化与社区变化模型相结合，这些模型可以估计红线标记和限制性公约随着时间的推移的影响。更好地了解造成住宅隔离的过程对于正在采取措施削弱住宅隔离及其社会和经济危害的决策者是有用的。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

The Role of Suburbanization in Metropolitan Segregation After 1940

1940 年后郊区化在大都市隔离中的作用

• DOI: 10.1215/00703370-10430012
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Demography
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Logan, John R.;Kye, Samuel;Carlson, H. Jacob;Minca, Elisabeta;Schleith, Daniel
• 通讯作者: Schleith, Daniel