Residential Mobility, Neighborhood Change, and Income Segregation

住宅流动性、社区变化和收入隔离

• 批准号: 1756567
• 负责人: John Logan
• 金额: $ 25万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-04-01 至 2021-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1756567&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Residential; Mobility; Neighborhood; Change; Income

This study will improve knowledge of trends in income segregation in metropolitan regions in the post-2000 period. The first goal is to measure more accurately how residential segregation by income has evolved in the last decade. The second goal is to analyze how changes in the income composition of neighborhoods ? such as neighborhoods that are gentrifying or becoming more impoverished ? are tied to outcomes for individual families. What kinds of people are entering, leaving, and staying in changing neighborhoods? Where do they come from and where do they go? What are the implications for their welfare? Neighborhood changes, changing forms of separation between more affluent and less affluent families, and minority access to better neighborhoods have a strong bearing on urban development related to housing inequality, affordable housing, and school disparities.This study analyzes trends in income segregation since 2000, addressing two aspects of these trends. The first question is how measures of segregation are affected by the reduction in sample sizes in the American Community Survey (ACS), which scholars now rely on for data at the census tract level. There is good reason to believe that direct measures are biased upwards as sample sizes decline, so that results may show increasing segregation even if there has been no real change. The project will apply new methods of correcting for sample bias to the original sample data in a federal Research Data Center. Working with confidential data ameliorates other methodological limitations in published data including: 1) the suppression of data by race/ethnicity in tracts with small numbers of minority residents and 2) top-coding of the income distribution. The second question is how changes in the income composition of neighborhoods are produced through patterns of residential mobility. The project will make use of the original records from Census 2000 and 2010 and the 2008-2012 ACS that can be linked over time. The study will select neighborhoods that have experienced gentrification, poor neighborhoods that have become poorer, and affluent neighborhoods that have become more exclusive. In each type of neighborhood, it is possible to identify the number and characteristics of residents who remain from 2000 to 2010, who leave, and who enter. This research will offer new insight into how individual-level (mobility) behaviors aggregate to macro-level (neighborhood) outcomes, which is an enduring issue in social science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究将增进对2000年以后大都市地区收入隔离趋势的了解。第一个目标是更准确地衡量过去十年中按收入划分的居住隔离的演变情况。第二个目标是分析居民收入构成的变化情况？比如那些正在中产阶级化或变得更加贫困的社区？与每个家庭的结果息息相关。什么样的人会进入、离开和留在不断变化的社区？ 他们从哪里来，又去哪里？对他们的福利有什么影响？邻里关系的变化、富裕家庭和不富裕家庭之间的分离形式的变化以及少数人进入更好的社区对城市发展产生了很大的影响，这些影响与住房不平等、经济适用房和学校差异有关。第一个问题是隔离措施如何受到美国社区调查（ACS）样本量减少的影响，学者们现在依赖于人口普查区一级的数据。我们有充分的理由相信，随着样本量的减少，直接测量值会偏高，因此，即使没有真实的变化，结果也可能显示出越来越多的隔离。该项目将应用新的方法来纠正样本偏差的原始样本数据在联邦研究数据中心。使用机密数据可以改善已发表数据中的其他方法限制，包括：1）在少数民族居民人数较少的地区按种族/民族压制数据，2）收入分配的顶层编码。第二个问题是如何通过居民流动模式产生社区收入构成的变化。该项目将利用2000年和2010年人口普查以及2008-2012年人口普查的原始记录，这些记录可以随着时间的推移而联系起来。这项研究将选择经历过中产阶级化的社区，变得更穷的贫困社区，以及变得更排外的富裕社区。在每种类型的社区中，可以确定2000年至2010年期间留下的居民的数量和特征，谁离开，谁进入。 这项研究将提供新的见解，如何个人层面（流动性）的行为聚集到宏观层面（邻里）的结果，这是一个持久的问题，在社会科学。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得支持的评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

The Uptick in Income Segregation: Real Trend or Random Sampling Variation?

• DOI: 10.1086/697528
• 发表时间: 2018-07-01
• 期刊: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Logan, John R.;Foster, Andrew;Li, Fan
• 通讯作者: Li, Fan

Income Segregation: Up or Down, and for Whom?

• DOI: 10.1007/s13524-020-00917-0
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Demography
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Logan JR;Foster A;Xu H;Zhang W
• 通讯作者: Zhang W