Collaborative Research: SaTC: CORE: Small: ERADICATOR: Techniques for Laser Assisted Side-Channel Attack Monitor & Response

现代电子系统的安全性依赖于存储在安全集成电路（ic）上的密钥和资产。使用侧信道攻击提取此类信息将破坏整个系统的安全性。一类侧通道攻击依赖于IC失效分析领域的已知激光技术，这使得对片上数据的非接触式探测成为可能。这些光学探测攻击在从计算机芯片中提取机密方面是如此强大，以至于传统的对抗措施对它们无效。已经证明，这些攻击可以在几天内完成（从IC活动的初始分析到完整的数据提取），即使对受攻击的芯片了解有限。这使得我们一些最关键的商业、工业和国防系统容易受到知识产权盗版和敏感数据泄露的攻击。因此，激光辅助侧信道攻击的威胁需要有效的响应来保护存储在ic中的资产。不幸的是，在学术文献中几乎没有提出对策，而且没有一个是商业上可用的。那些确实存在的不仅昂贵，而且与当前的集成电路制造工艺不兼容。该项目研究了radicator，一套多层传感器、随机化和篡改响应机制，以避免激光辅助的侧信道攻击。该项目的新颖之处在于，ERADICATOR不仅重新审视了传统的设计理念，以建立全面而牢不可破的保护机制，而且还借鉴了物理学、IC设计和密码学等多学科的解决方案。所有的对抗层都将适用于特定应用的集成电路（asic），但有些也将适用于现场可编程门阵列（fpga）。此外，该项目探讨了为激光辅助侧信道攻击提供开源模拟器的可行性，所有研究人员和从业人员都可以使用该模拟器来评估其设计在预硅阶段的安全性，从而选择适当的对策。该项目的更广泛的意义和重要性是知识的系统化和探索用于各种应用的电子系统的新型激光攻击对策，如关键基础设施、自动驾驶汽车、航空航天和国防设备。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The security of modern electronic systems relies on secret keys and assets stored on secure integrated circuits (ICs). Extracting such information using side-channel attacks would break the security of the entire system. One class of side-channel attacks relies on known laser techniques from the field of IC failure analysis, which makes the contactless probing of on-chip data possible. These optical probing attacks are so powerful in extracting secrets from computer chips that conventional countermeasures are ineffective against them. It has been demonstrated that these attacks can be accomplished in a matter of days (from initial analysis of IC activity to full data extraction), even with limited knowledge of the chip under attack. This leaves some of our most critical commercial, industrial, and defense systems vulnerable to intellectual property piracy and sensitive data breaches. Hence, the threats of laser-assisted side-channel attacks warrant an effective response to protect assets stored in ICs. Unfortunately, few countermeasures have been proposed in the academic literature, and none are available commercially. Those that do exist are not only expensive but are incompatible with current IC manufacturing processes. This project investigates ERADICATOR, a multi-layer suite of sensors, randomization, and tamper response mechanisms, to avert laser-assisted side-channel attacks. The project's novelties are that ERADICATOR not only revisits traditional design philosophies to build comprehensive and unbreakable protection mechanisms but also draws upon solutions from multiple disciplines, such as physics, IC design, and cryptography. All layers of the countermeasures will be suitable for application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), but some will also apply to field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Moreover, this project explores the feasibility of having an open-source simulator for laser-assisted side-channel attacks that all researchers and practitioners can use to assess the security of their designs in the pre-silicon phase, and hence, choose the proper countermeasures. The project's broader significance and importance are the systematization of knowledge and exploration of novel laser attack countermeasures for electronic systems used in various applications, such as critical infrastructure, autonomous vehicles, aerospace, and defense equipment.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.