SaTC: CORE: Medium: Cryptography in a Post-Quantum Future

SaTC：核心：媒介：后量子未来的密码学

• 批准号: 2154705
• 负责人: Jonathan Katz
• 金额: $ 100.04万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2154705&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SaTC; CORE; Medium; Cryptography; Post

Quantum computers appear imminent. Indeed, after decades of theoretical work demonstrating the power of quantum computation, followed by steady experimental progress in academia, several large companies and startups are now investing significant resources in building quantum computers. It has long been understood that the advent of quantum computers would render currently deployed public-key cryptosystems insecure. NIST's post-quantum standardization effort will address this, but is only the tip of the iceberg. Cryptography in a post-quantum future does not merely involve swapping out one set of hard problems for another, but instead requires a paradigm shift in the way we think about attackers and approach the challenge of securing information. This project brings together researchers with complementary expertise in classical (including post-quantum) cryptography and quantum cryptography to develop new foundational theories needed for quantum-secure cryptography and, equally importantly, to train the next generation of students to "natively" view cryptography from a quantum perspective. Some of the problems to be addressed include (1) security of symmetric-key primitives against quantum attackers; (2) investigating the power of the quantum random-oracle model; and (3) seeking to overcome existing impossibility results by exploring (3a) cryptosystems in which honest parties use quantum computation (but classical communication) and (3b) classical constructions proven secure via quantum reductions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

量子计算机似乎迫在眉睫。事实上，经过数十年的理论工作证明量子计算的力量，以及学术界的稳定实验进展，一些大公司和初创公司现在正在投入大量资源建造量子计算机。长期以来，人们一直认为量子计算机的出现将使目前部署的公钥密码系统变得不安全。NIST的后量子标准化工作将解决这一问题，但这只是冰山一角。后量子未来的密码学不仅仅涉及将一组难题换成另一组难题，而是需要我们思考攻击者和应对信息安全挑战的方式发生范式转变。该项目汇集了在经典（包括后量子）密码学和量子密码学方面具有互补专业知识的研究人员，以开发量子安全密码学所需的新基础理论，同样重要的是，培养下一代学生从量子角度“天生”看待密码学。这些问题包括：（1）密钥原语对量子攻击者的安全性;（2）量子随机预言模型的能力;和（3）通过探索（3a）诚实的各方使用量子计算的密码系统，寻求克服现有的不可能性结果（但经典通信）和（3b）通过量子还原证明了经典结构的安全性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的学术价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

Quantum Depth in the Random Oracle Model

随机预言模型中的量子深度

• DOI: 10.1145/3564246.3585153
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing
• 作者: Arora, Atul Singh;Coladangelo, Andrea;Coudron, Matthew;Gheorghiu, Alexandru;Singh, Uttam;Waldner, Hendrik
• 通讯作者: Waldner, Hendrik