2022 Cytoskeletal Motors Molecular Machines: From Biophysics To Physiology To Disease

2022 细胞骨骼马达分子机器：从生物物理学到生理学到疾病

• 批准号: 2202955
• 负责人: Steven Rosenfeld
• 金额: $ 2.5万
• 依托单位: Gordon Research Conferences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-01 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2202955&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: 2022; Cytoskeletal; Motors; Molecular; Machines

The Gordon Research Conference (GRC) and Gordon Research Seminar (GRS) on Cytoskeletal Motors will be held in Dover, VT on July 9-10, and July 10-15, respectively. The GRS is primarily attended by graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, and is designed to provide a supportive environment for trainees to present their scientific findings and network. This will be followed by the GRC which in addition to trainees, will also bring together senior and junior scientists from broad ranging disciplines to discuss and advance our understanding of the molecular motors—cellular machines that drive many essential biological functions, including movement of chromosomes during cell division, movement of subcellular organelles, such as mitochondria, and movement of cells, such as occurs during development as well as in diseases. The diversity and range of molecular motors is enormous, and understanding of how these different cellular machines operate and are regulated is essential to understanding of how cells travel, grow and change shape, and divide. The application of novel microscope and biophysical techniques, together with advances in computer simulations, has greatly increased our understanding of the function of these cell motors, and a conference to share these results will disseminate this knowledge rapidly to increase basic knowledge of cell motor function to allow its use in cellular manufacturing as well as medicine. The training and engagement of junior scientists (graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and beginning assistant professors) is a priority of the conference. Mentoring activities and professional development sessions are also planned as part of both the GRC and GRS. NSF support will be used to defray registration fee and/or travel costs to allow attendance of participants from these early stages of their careers, especially for women and other members of groups that have been historically under-represented in this field.The science presented at the 2022 Molecular Motors GRC and GRS will cover all areas of the biophysics, biochemistry, and cell biology of the wide variety of these critical machines, including myosins, kinesins, and dyneins. Leading researchers will present and discuss recent findings on the structure of these proteins, computational modeling of changes to motor structure during function, the forces these motors apply in the cells, the effects of these motors on cell components, from movement of chromosomes in mitosis to plasma membrane cortical tension to cell morphology, and the effects these motors have both in normal cells as well as in cells where motor function is deranged. GRS presentations will be divided into two scientific sessions: in which the most fundamental issues in motor function will be discussed: i) molecular motor interaction with their tracks (actin and microtubules); and ii) the effects of motor dysfunction. GRC presentations will be divided into eight scientific sessions ranging in topics from single molecule biophysics of motors and their tracks to motor structure, regulation, and involvement of cell physiology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

关于细胞骨架马达的戈登研究会议 (GRC) 和戈登研究研讨会 (GRS) 将于 7 月 9 日至 10 日和 7 月 10 日至 15 日在佛蒙特州多佛举行。 GRS 主要由研究生和博士后参加，旨在为学员提供一个展示其科学发现和网络的支持性环境。 接下来的GRC除了学员之外，还将汇集来自广泛学科的高级和初级科学家，讨论并增进我们对分子马达的理解。分子马达是驱动许多基本生物功能的细胞机器，包括细胞分裂过程中染色体的运动、线粒体等亚细胞器的运动，以及发育过程和疾病过程中发生的细胞运动。 分子马达的多样性和范围是巨大的，了解这些不同的细胞机器如何运作和调节对于理解细胞如何移动、生长、改变形状和分裂至关重要。 新型显微镜和生物物理技术的应用，加上计算机模拟的进步，极大地增加了我们对这些细胞马达功能的理解，分享这些结果的会议将迅速传播这些知识，以增加细胞运动功能的基础知识，使其能够在细胞制造和医学中使用。 青年科学家（研究生、博士后研究员和新任助理教授）的培训和参与是会议的优先事项。 指导活动和专业发展课程也计划作为 GRC 和 GRS 的一部分。 NSF 的支持将用于支付注册费和/或差旅费，以允许参加者从其职业生涯的早期阶段参加会议，特别是对于女性和历史上在该领域代表性不足的群体的其他成员。2022 年分子马达 GRC 和 GRS 上展示的科学将涵盖这些关键机器的生物物理学、生物化学和细胞生物学的所有领域，包括肌球蛋白、 驱动蛋白和动力蛋白。 主要研究人员将介绍和讨论有关这些蛋白质结构的最新发现、功能过程中运动结构变化的计算模型、这些马达在细胞中施加的力、这些马达对细胞成分的影响（从有丝分裂中的染色体运动到质膜皮层张力到细胞形态），以及这些马达对正常细胞以及运动功能紊乱的细胞的影响。 GRS 演讲将分为两个科学会议：其中将讨论运动功能中最基本的问题：i）分子运动与其轨道（肌动蛋白和微管）的相互作用； ii) 运动功能障碍的影响。 GRC 演讲将分为八个科学会议，主题涵盖从电机的单分子生物物理学及其轨迹到电机结构、调节和细胞生理学的参与。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。