CDS&E: Health-Aware Optimization of Battery Charging for Proactive Prevention of Lithium Plating

研究的目的是通过加深我们对锂电镀的理解，并创造一种在线充电优化方法来防止电镀，从而促进电池健康管理的最新发展。锂离子(Li-ion)电池越来越多地被用作电动汽车、可再生能源储存、植入式医疗设备和许多其他应用的储能装置。在锂离子电池中，锂电镀是一种关键的失效模式，它阻碍了快速充电，并引发了安全问题。该项目的成功将在提高锂离子电池的安全性和延长其使用寿命方面取得重大进展。电池可靠性和安全性的进步将促进交通运输的电气化和可再生能源在电网中的普及，加快我国向更环保经济的过渡。教育和外联计划旨在将新产生的知识纳入教育和外联活动，强调扩大妇女对电池安全科学的参与。该计划将重点开展三项活动：(1)开发一个开放的在线教育资源库；(2)让社区大学、本科生和研究生参与电池安全的研究；(3)为初中和高中女生举办午餐和学习讲座并参观实验室。该项目将创建一个物理信息的主动安全平台，使之能够预测和主动预防锂电镀。它将为范式从关注反应性SOH监测转向积极评估和减轻锂电镀风险奠定基础。该研究计划包括四项工作：(1)多物理电镀模型的验证；(2)锂电镀概率的预测；(3)充电协议的优化；(4)使用两个真实世界的应用程序进行平台验证。所提出的主动安全平台的一个创新之处在于在充电优化过程中集成了多物理建模、退化诊断和电镀预测。换句话说，该平台结合了基于物理的建模和机器学习，实现了可控的主动安全。因此，该项目将对充电优化平台利用物理和数据来降低锂电镀可能性的基本机制产生重要见解，从而为探索基于物理知识的学习和优化的新策略提供必要的科学知识，并促进这种新型快速充电使能器的更广泛采用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The research objective is to advance the state of the art in battery health management by furthering our understanding of lithium plating and creating an online charging optimization approach to prevent plating. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have been increasingly adopted as energy storage devices in electric vehicles, renewable energy storage, implantable medical devices, and many other applications. Lithium plating is a critical failure mode in Li-ion cells that prevents fast charging and causes safety concerns. The success of this project will result in major advances in enhancing the safety and extending the lifetime of Li-ion batteries. Advances in battery reliability and safety will promote the electrification of transportation and penetration of renewables on the grid, accelerating our nation’s transition towards a more environmentally friendly economy. The education and outreach plan aims to integrate the newly generated knowledge into education and outreach activities, emphasizing broadening the participation of women in battery safety science. This plan will focus on three activities: (1) developing an open online repository of educational materials; (2) engaging community college, undergraduate, and graduate students in research on battery safety; and (3) giving Lunch & Learn Talks and laboratory tours to female middle- and high-school students. This project will create a physics-informed active safety platform that enables prediction and proactive prevention of lithium plating. It will lay the foundation for a paradigm shift away from a focus on reactive SOH monitoring toward one that actively assesses and mitigates the risk of lithium plating. The research plan consists of four thrusts: (1) validation of multiphysics plating models; (2) prediction of lithium plating probability; (3) optimization of charging protocols; and (4) platform validation using two real-world applications. A novelty of the proposed active safety platform lies in the integration of multiphysics modeling, degradation diagnostics, and plating prognostics within a charging optimization process. In other words, this platform combines physics-based modeling and machine learning to achieve control-enabled active safety. As a result, this project will produce important insights into the fundamental mechanisms by which a charging optimization platform harnesses physics and data to reduce the likelihood of lithium plating, thus providing the scientific knowledge necessary for exploring novel strategies for physics-informed learning and optimization and promoting wider adoption of this new class of fast charging enablers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.