Theoretical Aspects of New Spectral Signatures and Strong X-ray Emission from Exotic Ions in Dense Plasmas

这项研究的目的是提高对致密等离子体中原子过程的理解。新开发的知识和能力，以更好地模拟原子过程在密集的等离子体将发现广泛的应用在天体物理学和国家安全的应用。该项目将有助于稠密等离子体科学的发展和下一代本科生和研究生的教育。 该奖项还支持高能量密度等离子体辐射研讨会系列的继续，主要关注学生和博士后研究人员的参与。 该系列研讨会促进了大学和国家实验室之间的广泛互动，并展望了该领域的未来。 该项目由美国国家科学基金会物理部、刺激竞争研究的既定计划（EPSCoR）和能源部内的国家核安全管理局共同资助。在过去的十年中，随着激光脉冲强度和X射线自由电子激光（XFEL）研究计划的大幅增加，对奇异物质态X射线辐射所产生的新光谱特征的观测引起了人们的极大关注。这激发了对稠密等离子体光谱特性的新的实验和理论研究。本项目的主要目标是：（1）从理论上发展等离子体/原子非定域热力学平衡模型，以充分描述低、中原子数密度等离子体中KK空心离子的发射光谱;（2）通过比较不同原子结构程序的结果，评价模型中原子数据的准确性;（3）研究了不同构型和原子过程对形成KK空心离子的作用;（4）识别奇异多芯孔L-该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过评估使用基金会的知识支持优点和更广泛的影响审查标准。

The goal of this study is to improve understanding of atomic processes in dense plasmas. The newly developed knowledge and ability to better model atomic processes in dense plasmas will find broad applications both in astrophysics and in national security applications. This project will contribute to the development of dense plasma science and education of the next generation of undergraduate and graduate students. The award also supports continuation of the Radiation from High Energy Density Plasmas workshop series with a major focus on participation of students and post-doctoral researchers. This workshop series promotes extensive interactions between universities and national laboratories with a vision toward the future of the field. This project is jointly funded by the NSF Division of Physics, the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), and the National Nuclear Security Administration within the Department of Energy.During the last decade, with the substantial increase in laser pulse intensities and research programs at X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs), the observation of new spectral features that are attributed to x-ray emission from exotic states of matter have attracted a lot of attention. This has stimulated new experimental and theoretical studies of the spectral features of dense plasmas. The main objectives of this project are (1) theoretical development of the formalism and plasma/atomic non-local thermodynamic equilibrium modeling to adequately describe the emission spectra of KK hollow ions from low- and mid-atomic-number dense plasmas; (2) evaluation of the accuracy of the atomic data in the model by comparisons of the results from different atomic structure codes; (3) investigation of the role of the different configurations and atomic processes leading to the formation of KK hollow ions; and (4) identification of the possible new spectral features from exotic multiple-core-hole L-shell states in dense plasmas.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.