WoU-MMA: Collaborative Research: A Next-Generation SuperNova Early Warning System for Multimessenger Astronomy

WoU-MMA：合作研究：用于多信使天文学的下一代超新星早期预警系统

• 批准号: 2209444
• 负责人: Christopher Tunnell
• 金额: $ 12.71万
• 依托单位: William Marsh Rice University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2209444&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: WoU; MMA; Collaborative; Research; Next

The end of the life of a massive star may result in a core collapse that produces a supernova. The energy released in these extreme astrophysical events is primarily carried away in the form of neutrinos produced during the collapse of the core. Since neutrinos interact only weakly with matter, compared to photons, they escape the supernova explosion without delay, arriving at Earth minutes to hours ahead of the optical component of the event. Neutrinos may therefore be harnessed as an early notification of the supernova that may trigger extensive follow-up observations of these relatively rare events within the galactic neighborhood. This award supports a collaborative group of scientists at several institutions to continue upgrading the SuperNovae Early Warning System (SNEWS), a state-of-the-art network between neutrino and dark matter detectors around the globe designed to provide automated prompt alerts of impending supernovae in our galaxy to the astronomical community. The team, consisting of experimentalists and phenomenologists with expertise in supernova physics, will develop optimizations to the SNEWS 2.0 system to enhance the detection capabilities. The awarded activities include the development of a follow-up strategy involving the amateur astronomer community, as well as a topical multi-lingual planetarium show developed for world-wide distribution.The onset of the next Galactic core-collapse supernova will be a rare opportunity to advance knowledge in both multi-messenger astrophysics and fundamental physics. The SNEWS program provides the means to observe a galactic supernova in neutrinos and, due to the early alarm, the onset of the supernova light curve. Benchmarking of the system components via a series of realtime readiness tests will improve the network’s robustness, performance and capabilities. Building on the existing network architecture for multi-messenger astronomy, the updated system will provide the ability to identify bursts of pre-supernova and supernova neutrinos, and therefore enhance the ability to localize the neutrino arrival directions for electromagnetic follow-up. This project advances the goals of the NSF Windows on the Universe Big Idea.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

大质量恒星生命的终结可能导致核心坍缩，从而产生超新星。在这些极端天体物理事件中释放的能量主要以核心坍缩过程中产生的中微子的形式被带走。由于与光子相比，中微子与物质的相互作用较弱，因此它们可以毫不延迟地逃离超新星爆炸，比该事件的光学部分提前几分钟到几小时到达地球。因此，中微子可能被用来作为超新星的早期通知，这可能引发对银河系附近这些相对罕见事件的广泛后续观测。该奖项支持由几个机构的科学家组成的合作小组继续升级超新星早期预警系统（SNEWS），这是全球中微子和暗物质探测器之间最先进的网络，旨在为天文学界提供银河系中即将发生的超新星的自动提示警报。该团队由具有超新星物理学专业知识的实验学家和现象学家组成，将对SNEWS 2.0系统进行优化，以提高探测能力。获得奖励的活动包括制定一项涉及业余天文学家团体的后续战略，以及为世界各地分发的专题多语种天文馆展览。下一颗银河系核心坍缩超新星的爆发将是推进多信使天体物理学和基础物理学知识的难得机会。SNEWS计划提供了在中微子中观察星系超新星的方法，并且由于早期的警报，超新星光曲线的开始。通过一系列实时准备测试对系统组件进行基准测试，将提高网络的稳健性、性能和能力。在现有的多信使天文学网络架构的基础上，更新后的系统将提供识别超新星前和超新星中微子爆发的能力，从而增强中微子到达电磁跟踪方向的定位能力。这个项目推进了NSF宇宙大构想窗口的目标。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。