WoU-MMA: Collaborative Research: Advancing the SuperNova Early Warning System

WoU-MMA：合作研究：推进 SuperNova 早期预警系统

• 批准号: 2209449
• 负责人: James Kneller
• 金额: $ 16.51万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2209449&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: WoU; MMA; Collaborative; Research; Advancing

The end of the life of a massive star may result in a core collapse that produces a supernova. The energy released in these extreme astrophysical events is primarily carried away in the form of neutrinos produced during the collapse of the core. Since neutrinos interact only weakly with matter, compared to photons, they escape the supernova explosion without delay, arriving at Earth minutes to hours ahead of the optical component of the event. Neutrinos may therefore be harnessed as an early notification of the supernova that may trigger extensive follow-up observations of these relatively rare events within the galactic neighborhood. This award supports a collaborative group of scientists at several institutions to continue upgrading the SuperNovae Early Warning System (SNEWS), a state-of-the-art network between neutrino and dark matter detectors around the globe designed to provide automated prompt alerts of impending supernovae in our galaxy to the astronomical community. The team, consisting of experimentalists and phenomenologists with expertise in supernova physics, will develop optimizations to the SNEWS 2.0 system to enhance the detection capabilities. The awarded activities include the development of a follow-up strategy involving the amateur astronomer community, as well as a topical multi-lingual planetarium show developed for world-wide distribution.The onset of the next Galactic core-collapse supernova will be a rare opportunity to advance knowledge in both multi-messenger astrophysics and fundamental physics. The SNEWS program provides the means to observe a galactic supernova in neutrinos and, due to the early alarm, the onset of the supernova light curve. Benchmarking of the system components via a series of realtime readiness tests will improve the network’s robustness, performance and capabilities. Building on the existing network architecture for multi-messenger astronomy, the updated system will provide the ability to identify bursts of pre-supernova and supernova neutrinos, and therefore enhance the ability to localize the neutrino arrival directions for electromagnetic follow-up. This project advances the goals of the NSF Windows on the Universe Big Idea.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

大质量星星生命的终结可能会导致核心坍缩，从而产生超新星。 在这些极端的天体物理事件中释放的能量主要以核心坍缩过程中产生的中微子的形式被带走。与光子相比，由于中微子与物质的相互作用很弱，它们可以毫不延迟地逃离超新星爆炸，比事件的光学成分提前几分钟到几小时到达地球。 因此，中微子可能被利用作为超新星的早期通知，这可能会引发对银河系附近这些相对罕见的事件的广泛后续观测。 该奖项支持几个机构的科学家合作小组继续升级超新星预警系统，这是一个在地球仪周围的中微子和暗物质探测器之间的最先进网络，旨在向天文学界提供银河系即将发生超新星的自动及时警报。该团队由具有超新星物理学专业知识的实验学家和现象学家组成，将对SNEWS 2.0系统进行优化，以增强探测能力。 获奖的活动包括制定一项涉及业余天文学家社区的后续战略，以及为全球发行而开发的专题多语言天文馆展示。下一个银河系核心坍缩超新星的爆发将是一个难得的机会，可以促进多信使天体物理学和基础物理学的知识。 SNEWS计划提供了在中微子中观测银河系超新星的手段，并且由于早期警报，超新星光变曲线的开始。 通过一系列实时就绪测试对系统组件进行基准测试，将提高网络的稳健性、性能和能力。在现有多信使天文学网络架构的基础上，更新后的系统将提供识别超新星爆发前和超新星中微子爆发的能力，从而提高定位中微子到达方向的能力，以便进行电磁跟踪。 该项目推进了NSF宇宙大创意窗口的目标。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。