Collaborative Research: HCC: Small: Understanding Online-to-Offline Sexual Violence through Data Donation from Users

该项目将通过探索以计算机为媒介的通信如何影响同意交换实践，或个人对性活动给予和感知接受同意的方式，提高我们对线上到线下性暴力的理解。性暴力在美国是一个严重的公共卫生问题：每68秒就有一名美国人遭到性侵犯。线上到线下的性暴力是指通过计算机媒介和面对面交流相结合而发生的未经双方同意的性行为。美国人发现潜在性伴侣并与之互动的方式越来越多地以计算机为媒介，然而，我们对计算机为媒介的交流如何影响对适当性行为的看法知之甚少，这可能使个人在没有意识到的情况下容易成为犯罪者或性伤害的受害者。通过该项目产生的知识将有利于公共卫生，并构成人机交互、护理和心理学等多个交叉领域的关键进展，为解决线上到线下性暴力提供全新的解决方案，这些解决方案真正具有预防性，不依赖于肇事者有意识地造成伤害，也不依赖于受害者认识到伤害正在发生。该研究采用了一种混合的纵向方法，通过在线约会研究线上到线下的性活动，这是一种众所周知的性暴力背景。通过创建、管理和分析在线约会期间用户行为示例的数据集，将通过计算机介导的同意来制定一个在线到离线性暴力的框架。这将包括在线约会者在在线和离线互动中的行为实例，因为它涉及到性活动，如同意实践，以及这种行为对关键心理结构的影响。通过一款数据捐赠应用程序，数据收集将更具可扩展性和隐私保护性，该应用程序体现了性经验报告的最佳实践。研究计划包括以用户为中心的数据捐赠应用程序的设计、实施和评估，随后通过使用数据捐赠应用程序对在线约会者进行多组纵向数据收集，并反复采访他们的在线约会和相关的性经历。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project will improve our understanding of online-to-offline sexual violence by exploring how computer-mediated communication shapes consent exchange practices, or the ways in which individuals give and perceive to receive consent to sexual activity. Sexual violence is a serious public health problem in the United States: every 68 seconds an American is sexually assaulted. Online-to-offline sexual violence refers to nonconsensual sexual acts that occur via the combination of computer-mediated and face-to-face communication. The ways in which Americans discover and interact with potential sexual partners are increasingly computer-mediated, however we have little understanding of how computer-mediated communication influences perceptions of appropriate sexual behavior, which may predispose individuals to becoming perpetrators or victims of sexual harm without their realization. The knowledge produced through this project will benefit public health and constitute crucial advances in multiple intersecting fields such as human computer interaction, nursing, and psychology via informing entirely new solutions to online-to-offline sexual violence that are truly preventative and do not rely on conscious intent by the perpetrator to cause harm, or recognition by victims that harm is occurring. The research uses a mixed methods, longitudinal approach to studying online-to-offline sexual activity through online dating, a well known context for sexual violence. A framework of online-to-offline sexual violence through the lens of computer-mediated consent will be developed by creating, curating, and analyzing a dataset of user behavior examples during online dating. This will comprise instances of online daters' behavior across online and offline interaction as it relates to sexual activity such as consent practices, as well as the impacts of such behavior on key psychological constructs. Data collection will be made more scalable and privacy-preserving with a data donation app embodying best practices for sexual experience reporting. The research plan involves user-centered design, implementation, and evaluation of the data donation app, followed by multiple cohorts of longitudinal data collection with online daters through use of the data donation app and recurrent interviews about their online dating and associated sexual experiences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.