Doctoral Dissertation Research: Human-Pinniped Relationships & Marine Historical Ecology

博士论文研究：人类与鳍足类动物的关系

• 批准号: 2212284
• 负责人: Ben Fitzhugh
• 金额: $ 2.42万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2212284&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Human; Pinniped

This project aims to better understand the forces guiding long-term histories of human-marine animal interactions and the extent to which marine populations were resilient to human hunting pressure prior to industrialization. Taking a historical ecological approach to investigate the complex, intertwined cultural and ecological histories of the Japanese sea lion (Zalophus japonicus) throughout the late Holocene up to the extinction of this species in the mid-20th century, this study will explore the resilience of a now-extinct marine mammal species to climate change, human harvesting, and habitat disruption, as well as the reciprocal implications of this, i.e. how humans were impacted by these variations in marine productivity and prey populations. In addition to providing funding for the training of a graduate student in anthropology in the methods of empirical, scientific data collection and analysis, the project would enhance public understanding of science and the scientific method broadly disseminating its findings. Results of this research will be shared in both public and academic venues and help promote the importance of ongoing marine mammal conservation efforts.This research uses archaeological, genetic, and isotopic data to examine how maritime hunter-gatherers and marine mammals were entangled in complex ecological relationships preceding the extinction of the Japanese sea lion. Ancient DNA from 120 samples over 12 archaeological sites is being sequenced to track changing sea lion populations through the late Holocene. The PIs are also conducting stable isotope analysis on the same sea lion samples to gain insight into changing marine ecosystems as they may have affected sea lions and people. The study improves the understanding of the human role in ecological change, and vice versa, providing comparative data for studies of human-marine ecology and maritime archaeology and history.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目旨在更好地了解指导人与海洋动物相互作用的长期历史的力量，以及在工业化之前海洋种群对人类狩猎压力的适应能力。这项研究采用历史生态学的方法，研究了日本海狮(Zalopus Japan Onicus)从全新世晚期到20世纪中叶灭绝的复杂、相互交织的文化和生态历史，本研究将探索这种现已灭绝的海洋哺乳动物物种对气候变化、人类捕捞和栖息地破坏的适应能力，以及由此产生的相互影响，即人类如何受到海洋生产力和猎物种群变化的影响。该项目除了为人类学研究生提供经验、科学数据收集和分析方法方面的培训提供资金外，还将增进公众对科学的了解，以及广泛传播其研究结果的科学方法。这项研究的结果将在公共和学术场所分享，并有助于宣传正在进行的海洋哺乳动物保护工作的重要性。这项研究使用考古、遗传和同位素数据来研究在日本海狮灭绝之前，海洋狩猎采集者和海洋哺乳动物是如何陷入复杂的生态关系中的。来自12个考古遗址的120个样本的古代DNA正在进行测序，以追踪海狮种群在全新世晚期的变化。PIS还对相同的海狮样本进行稳定同位素分析，以深入了解海洋生态系统的变化，因为它们可能已经影响到海狮和人类。这项研究提高了对人类在生态变化中的作用的理解，反之亦然，为人类-海洋生态以及海洋考古和历史研究提供了比较数据。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。