Doctoral Dissertation Research: Human-Pinniped Relationships & Marine Historical Ecology

博士论文研究：人类与鳍足类动物的关系

• 批准号: 2212284
• 负责人: Ben Fitzhugh
• 金额: $ 2.42万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2212284&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Human; Pinniped

This project aims to better understand the forces guiding long-term histories of human-marine animal interactions and the extent to which marine populations were resilient to human hunting pressure prior to industrialization. Taking a historical ecological approach to investigate the complex, intertwined cultural and ecological histories of the Japanese sea lion (Zalophus japonicus) throughout the late Holocene up to the extinction of this species in the mid-20th century, this study will explore the resilience of a now-extinct marine mammal species to climate change, human harvesting, and habitat disruption, as well as the reciprocal implications of this, i.e. how humans were impacted by these variations in marine productivity and prey populations. In addition to providing funding for the training of a graduate student in anthropology in the methods of empirical, scientific data collection and analysis, the project would enhance public understanding of science and the scientific method broadly disseminating its findings. Results of this research will be shared in both public and academic venues and help promote the importance of ongoing marine mammal conservation efforts.This research uses archaeological, genetic, and isotopic data to examine how maritime hunter-gatherers and marine mammals were entangled in complex ecological relationships preceding the extinction of the Japanese sea lion. Ancient DNA from 120 samples over 12 archaeological sites is being sequenced to track changing sea lion populations through the late Holocene. The PIs are also conducting stable isotope analysis on the same sea lion samples to gain insight into changing marine ecosystems as they may have affected sea lions and people. The study improves the understanding of the human role in ecological change, and vice versa, providing comparative data for studies of human-marine ecology and maritime archaeology and history.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目旨在更好地了解指导人类动物相互作用的长期历史的力量以及海洋人群在工业化之前对人类狩猎压力有弹性的程度。采用一种历史生态学方法来研究日本海狮（Zalophus japonicus）在整个全新后期的复杂，相互交织的文化和生态历史，直到20世纪中叶这种物种的灭绝，这项研究将探索一种现已灭绝的海洋哺乳动物物种对气候变化，人类收获的态度，以及i。受到海洋生产率和猎物种群的这些变化的影响。除了为在经验，科学数据收集和分析方法中培训人类学研究生的培训资金外，该项目还将增强对科学的理解，科学方法广泛传播其发现。这项研究的结果将在公共场所和学术场所共享，并有助于促进正在进行的海洋哺乳动物保护工作的重要性。这项研究使用考古，遗传和同位素数据来研究海上猎人 - 采集者和海洋哺乳动物如何纠缠在复杂的生态关系中。来自120个考古遗址的120个样品的古代DNA正在测序，以通过全新世晚期跟踪海狮种群。 PI还对同一海狮样品进行了稳定的同位素分析，以洞悉改变海洋生态系统，因为它们可能影响了海狮和人。这项研究提高了对人类在生态变化中的作用的理解，反之亦然，为人类生态学和海上考古学和历史研究提供了比较数据。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来通过评估来支持的。