Doctoral Dissertation Award: Human Adaptation To Environmental Variability

博士论文奖:人类对环境变化的适应

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1562353
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 1.63万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2016-03-15 至 2018-02-28
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Little is known about the sensitivity of marine mammal species and their human predators to environmental changes. Iñupiaq people of the northwest Alaskan coast today rely on marine mammal hunting for a large portion of their subsistence as they have for millennia, but it is uncertain how observed and expected changes in the marine ecosystem might affect future food security. Archaeology is uniquely situated to provide perspective on this problem because it can consider human activity over long periods of time, and investigate how past changes affected marine mammals and their human hunters. This research will examine if and how environmental variability in the Arctic over the past 2,000 years affected marine mammals that in turn influenced human hunting patterns. This project will compare evidence for changes in marine conditions and their timing to variation in human diet based on the remains of animal bones from archaeological sites. This research will also contribute long-term baseline data enabling broader understanding of marine ecological dynamics in the Arctic. Results of the study will be incorporated into National Park Service public media and curriculum that is shared with northwest Alaska schools. Hunter-gatherers generally focus on capturing resources that provide the highest energy return compared to energy expended. The diet of northwest Alaskan peoples has varied over the past two millennia, but it is unclear if these shifts are in any way linked to the health of marine mammals, on which contemporary communities rely. It is expected that variations in marine mammal health, brought about by changes in the marine environment, should drive these shifts. To evaluate this claim, the co-PI will identify and tally animal remains to asses changes in human diet over the study period. The marine environment will be reconstructed by measuring isotopes of carbon and nitrogen present in archaeological marine mammal bones throughout the same period. The analysis is complemented by an existing radiocarbon chronology that will be augmented where needed to ensure tight control over the ages of analyzed samples. By comparing the timing of changes in human dietary preference to changes in the marine environment, this study will assess the influence of marine health on the diets of coastal Alaskans. Results of this research will provide time-depth and broader context to studies of current environmental changes and their impact on communities reliant on marine mammal hunting.
人们对海洋哺乳动物及其人类捕食者对环境变化的敏感性知之甚少。Iñupiaq阿拉斯加西北海岸的人们今天依靠海洋哺乳动物狩猎来维持他们的大部分生计,就像他们几千年来一样,但是海洋生态系统中观察到的和预期的变化如何影响未来的粮食安全还不确定。考古学处于独特的位置,可以为这个问题提供视角,因为它可以考虑长期的人类活动,并调查过去的变化如何影响海洋哺乳动物和它们的人类猎人。这项研究将考察过去2000年来北极的环境变化是否以及如何影响海洋哺乳动物,进而影响人类的狩猎模式。该项目将比较海洋环境变化及其时间的证据与人类饮食变化的证据,这些证据是基于考古遗址的动物骨骼遗骸。这项研究还将提供长期基线数据,使人们能够更广泛地了解北极的海洋生态动态。这项研究的结果将被纳入国家公园管理局的公共媒体和课程,并与阿拉斯加西北部的学校共享。狩猎采集者通常专注于获取与消耗能量相比能提供最高能量回报的资源。在过去的两千年里,阿拉斯加西北部居民的饮食发生了变化,但目前还不清楚这些变化是否与当代社会赖以生存的海洋哺乳动物的健康有关。预计由海洋环境变化引起的海洋哺乳动物健康的变化将推动这些变化。为了评估这一说法,联合研究小组将识别和统计动物遗骸,以评估研究期间人类饮食的变化。通过测量同一时期考古海洋哺乳动物骨骼中存在的碳和氮同位素,将重建海洋环境。现有的放射性碳年表对分析进行了补充,在需要时将对其进行增强,以确保对分析样品的年龄进行严格控制。通过比较人类饮食偏好变化的时间与海洋环境的变化,本研究将评估海洋健康对阿拉斯加沿海居民饮食的影响。这项研究的结果将为研究当前的环境变化及其对依赖海洋哺乳动物狩猎的社区的影响提供时间深度和更广泛的背景。

项目成果

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Ben Fitzhugh其他文献

New Evidence for Expansion of the Jomon Culture and the Ainu into the Kuril Islands
绳文文化和阿伊努人向千岛群岛扩张的新证据
Integrating human paleodemography and ecology around the North Pacific Rim
整合北太平洋沿岸人类古人口学和生态学
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2017
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Ben Fitzhugh;William Brown;Nicole Misarti;Katsunori Takase;and Andrew Tremayne
  • 通讯作者:
    and Andrew Tremayne
John F. Hoffecker and Scott A. Elias: Human Ecology of Beringia
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s10745-009-9230-9
  • 发表时间:
    2009-03-19
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.700
  • 作者:
    Ben Fitzhugh
  • 通讯作者:
    Ben Fitzhugh
Introduction: Islands as Laboratories: Archaeological Research in Comparative Perspective
  • DOI:
    10.1023/a:1021867425111
  • 发表时间:
    1997-09-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.700
  • 作者:
    Ben Fitzhugh;Terry L. Hunt
  • 通讯作者:
    Terry L. Hunt

Ben Fitzhugh的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Ben Fitzhugh', 18)}}的其他基金

Doctoral Dissertation Research: Human-Pinniped Relationships & Marine Historical Ecology
博士论文研究:人类与鳍足类动物的关系
  • 批准号:
    2212284
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Uncovering Native-Lived Colonialism in Old Harbor, Alaska
博士论文研究:揭示阿拉斯加旧港的原住民殖民主义
  • 批准号:
    2051935
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Trade and Entanglement in Precolonial Hokkaido: The Formation of the Okhotsk Culture
博士论文研究:殖民前北海道的贸易与纠葛:鄂霍次克文化的形成
  • 批准号:
    2053348
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Detecting Epidemiologic Transitions in Pre-Contact Kodiak
博士论文改进补助金:检测接触前科迪亚克的流行病学转变
  • 批准号:
    1417609
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Paleoecosystems of Subarctic Seas (PESAS) Working Group
亚北极海古生态系统 (PESAS) 工作组
  • 批准号:
    1433249
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Comparative Ecodynamics in the Aleutian and Kuril Islands: A GHEA synthesis workshop
阿留申群岛和千岛群岛的比较生态动力学:GHEA 综合研讨会
  • 批准号:
    1233067
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Reconstructing Social Networks in Uncertain Enviornments using Archaeological Ceramics
博士论文改进补助金:利用考古陶瓷重建不确定环境中的社交网络
  • 批准号:
    1202879
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Late Prehistoric Socio-Economic Organization in Northwest Alaska: a Study of Pottery Production and Distribution in the Arctic
博士论文改进资助:阿拉斯加西北部史前晚期社会经济组织:北极陶器生产和分配的研究
  • 批准号:
    0936696
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
BE/CNH: The Kuril Biocomplexity Project: Human Vulnerability and Resilience to Subarctic Change
BE/CNH:千岛生物复杂性项目:人类对亚北极变化的脆弱性和恢复力
  • 批准号:
    0508109
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Modeling Hunter-Gatherer Ceramic Production and Use: A Test Case From the Upper Texas Coastal Plain
博士论文研究:模拟狩猎采集陶瓷的生产和使用:来自德克萨斯州上部沿海平原的测试案例
  • 批准号:
    0533406
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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