Doctoral Dissertation Research: Processing garden paths across dialects: A study of African American English

博士论文研究:跨方言处理花园路径:非裔美国英语研究

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2214919
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 1.58万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2022-08-15 至 2024-08-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

The United States is home to a large multi-cultural and multi-lingual population. Many speakers interact with different languages and different varieties of English daily. A lot of research has been devoted to understanding how speakers of multiple languages, multilinguals, use their knowledge of multiple languages to interpret language in context. But less is known about how speakers who know different varieties of a single language ('dialects') accomplish this. In this dissertation project, the researchers investigate African American Language (AAL), a variety of English spoken primarily, but not exclusively, by African Americans. The research investigates how speakers of AAL understand sentences that use linguistic features that are present in AAL but not present in Mainstream American English (MAE), the 'standard' dialect spoken across the US. AAL and MAE overlap significantly, but there are specific grammatical constructions where the two diverge. This project investigates when and how AAL speakers use these dialect-specific constructions in different contexts. Research into how AAL speakers use context to do this will shed light onto how language processing proceeds in more naturalistic contexts, and will also shed light into the usage of a variety of English spoken by a significant portion of the United States' population.The comprehension of ambiguous sentences has been a central component of psycholinguistic research for many decades. The classic demonstration of this is the 'garden path effect', the finding that comprehenders encounter processing difficulty when ambiguous sentences are disambiguated towards an unlikely syntactic structure. This happens because comprehenders make active predictions about what syntactic continuations are likely as they process linguistic input, with difficulty occurring when those predictions turn out to be incorrect. The predictions comprehenders make can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as word frequency, plausibility, grammatical knowledge, and even social features of the speaker. The current study uses garden path effects as a window into what syntactic expectations AAL speakers have during language processing. Specifically, this project employs visual-world eye-tracking to investigate how these speakers use factors such as speaker voice and the presence of other dialect-specific grammatical features to adjust their predictions about how a sentence is structured. The specific structure to be investigated is the phenomenon of contact subject relative clauses. In AAL, it is possible to have sentence such as "Sally is the one (who) sent a letter to her mom" where the "who" is optional. In MAE, in contrast, "who" is required. By investigating whether AAL speakers interpret Sally as the sender of the letter or receiver of the letter in a sentence like this, the researchers will be able to measure how much speakers anticipate this construction in different contexts. This research will help add to growing literature on how contextual factors (e.g., speaker voice) influence on-going linguistic processing as well as adding critical diversity to the psycholinguistic literature.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
美国是一个拥有多种文化和多种语言的人口大国。许多讲英语的人每天都在使用不同的语言和不同种类的英语。很多研究都致力于了解说多种语言的人,多语言者,如何利用他们的多语言知识在上下文中解释语言。但是,对于懂得同一种语言的不同变体(方言)的人是如何做到这一点的,我们知之甚少。在本论文项目中,研究人员调查了非洲裔美国人语言(AAL),一种主要但不完全由非洲裔美国人使用的英语。该研究调查了AAL的发言者如何理解使用AAL中存在的语言特征但不存在于美国主流英语(MAE)(美国各地使用的“标准”方言)中的句子。AAL和MAE有很大的重叠,但在某些特定的语法结构上两者是不同的。本研究旨在探讨AAL使用者在不同语境中使用这些方言特有结构的时间和方式。对AAL使用者如何利用语境来理解歧义句的研究将有助于了解在更自然的语境中语言处理是如何进行的,也有助于了解美国相当一部分人所使用的各种英语。歧义句的理解几十年来一直是心理语言学研究的核心组成部分。这方面的经典证明是“花园路径效应”,即当歧义句被消除为不太可能的句法结构时,研究者会遇到处理困难。这是因为,在处理语言输入的过程中,记忆者会主动预测哪些句法延续是可能的,而当这些预测被证明是不正确的时候,就很难发生了。说话者的预测会受到多种因素的影响,比如词频、可解释性、语法知识,甚至说话者的社会特征。本研究使用花园小径效应作为一个窗口,了解AAL使用者在语言加工过程中的句法期望。具体来说,该项目采用视觉世界眼动追踪来研究这些说话者如何使用说话者的声音和其他方言特定语法特征的存在等因素来调整他们对句子结构的预测。具体考察的结构是联系主语关系分句现象。在AAL中,可能有这样的句子:“Sally is the one(who)sent a letter to her mom”,其中“who”是可选的。相比之下,在MAE中,需要“谁”。通过调查AAL使用者在这样的句子中是将Sally解释为信件的发送者还是信件的接收者,研究人员将能够衡量使用者在不同语境中对这种结构的预期程度。这项研究将有助于增加越来越多的文献如何上下文因素(例如,该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。

项目成果

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Brian Dillon其他文献

The Measurement, Estimation And Analysis Of Subjective Probability Distributions: With Applications To Investment And Production Decisions In Rural Tanzania
主观概率分布的测量、估计和分析:在坦桑尼亚农村投资和生产决策中的应用
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2011
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Brian Dillon
  • 通讯作者:
    Brian Dillon
Together They Stand: Interpreting Not-At-Issue Content
他们站在一起:解释非争议内容
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2018
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.8
  • 作者:
    L. Frazier;Brian Dillon;C. Clifton
  • 通讯作者:
    C. Clifton
Attachment and Concord of Temporal Adverbs: Evidence From Eye Movements
时间副词的依附与一致性:来自眼动的证据
  • DOI:
    10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00983
  • 发表时间:
    2019
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.8
  • 作者:
    N. Biondo;F. Vespignani;Brian Dillon
  • 通讯作者:
    Brian Dillon
No longer an orphan: evidence for appositive attachment from sentence comprehension
不再是孤儿:句子理解中同位依恋的证据
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2018
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Brian Dillon;L. Frazier;C. Clifton
  • 通讯作者:
    C. Clifton
Processing covert dependencies: an SAT study on Mandarin wh-in-situ questions
处理隐性依存关系:一项关于普通话原地问题的 SAT 研究
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s10831-013-9115-1
  • 发表时间:
    2014-05
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0.5
  • 作者:
    Brian Dillon;Matt Wagers;Fengqin Liu;Taomei Guo
  • 通讯作者:
    Taomei Guo

Brian Dillon的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Brian Dillon', 18)}}的其他基金

NSF-BSF: Bridging encoding and retrieval perspectives on sentence processing errors: Comparing Hebrew and English
NSF-BSF:桥接句子处理错误的编码和检索视角:比较希伯来语和英语
  • 批准号:
    2146798
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.58万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
CompCog: Collaborative Research: Testing quantitative predictions of sentence processing theories with a large-scale eye-tracking database
CompCog:协作研究:使用大型眼动追踪数据库测试句子处理理论的定量预测
  • 批准号:
    2020914
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.58万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Disjoint reference in real-time comprehension: Computational and cross-linguistic perspectives
实时理解中的不相交参考:计算和跨语言视角
  • 批准号:
    1941485
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.58万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Workshop on Human Sentence Processing March 2020: Amherst, MA
人类句子处理研讨会 2020 年 3 月:马萨诸塞州阿默斯特
  • 批准号:
    1918104
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.58万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: The role of animacy and obviation in the processing of Ojibwe relative clauses
博士论文研究:生命性和回避性在奥及布威语关系从句处理中的作用
  • 批准号:
    1918244
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.58万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Reinterpreting Condition B: An Investigation of Pronominal Reference in Romanian
博士论文研究:重新解释条件B:罗马尼亚语代词指代的调查
  • 批准号:
    1823686
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.58万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Computing agreement in a mixed system - A psycholinguistic comparison of subject and object agreement
博士论文研究:混合系统中的计算一致性——主客体一致性的心理语言学比较
  • 批准号:
    1749290
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.58万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Ruins of the Twentieth Century
二十世纪的废墟
  • 批准号:
    AH/F015992/1
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.58万
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship

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