MRI: Development of an ultra-resolution ARPES facility.

非技术摘要：该主要研究仪器（MRI）奖计划开发世界上最低温度和最高能量分辨率角分辨光发射光谱（ARPES）仪器，与美国目前最好的仪器相比，其分辨率几乎提高了一个数量级。ARPES是对固体中电子量子行为最直接的探测，因此对于现代物理、化学和材料科学研究是不可或缺的。然而，它仍然受到当今技术的能量和温度尺度的限制，表面灵敏度意味着许多材料无法在未受污染的状态下进行测量。该设备将通过成为美国第一个将ARPES带到大多数现代量子材料的自然能量和温度尺度的仪器，以及通过可飞机运输的定制真空行李箱连接到远程生长设施，来解决这些缺陷。因此，该仪器将极大地加速社会确定的在电子基础水平上测量、控制、设计和合成材料的大挑战，从而开发下一代量子技术和能源效率材料。它将为美国研究人员提供一套重要的新工具，使他们在物理、化学、材料科学和工程等关键领域处于领先地位。技术摘要：本项目拟研制世界上温度最低、分辨率最高的ARPES仪器。ARPES是对固体中电子量子行为最直接的探测，因此对于现代物理、化学和材料科学研究是不可或缺的。然而，它仍然受到当今技术的能量和温度尺度的限制，表面灵敏度意味着许多材料无法在未受污染的状态下进行测量。该设备将通过成为美国第一个将ARPES带到大多数现代量子材料的自然能量（亚兆电子伏）和温度（亚开尔文）尺度的仪器，以及通过使用标准旗式样品支架的可飞机运输的定制真空行李箱连接到远程生长设施，来解决这些缺陷。该仪器将利用科罗拉多州开发的全新低温技术，以及将在头几年使用的现有超分辨率激光源。计划是将仪器最终移动到伯克利先进光源的光束线上，该光源正在升级新的超分辨率单色仪，将与ARPES仪器相匹配。因此，该仪器将极大地加速社会确定的在电子基础水平上测量、控制、设计和合成材料的大挑战，从而开发下一代量子技术和能源效率材料。它将为美国研究人员提供一套重要的新工具，使他们在物理、化学、材料科学和工程等关键领域处于领先地位。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Nontechnical abstract:This Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) award plans to develop the world’s lowest temperature and highest energy-resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) instrument, bringing almost an order of magnitude improvement in resolution compared to the best presently available in the United States. ARPES is the most direct probe of the quantum behavior of electrons in a solid and is thus indispensable for modern-day physics, chemistry, and materials science research. Nevertheless, it remains limited by the energy and temperature scales of present-day technologies, and the surface sensitivity means that many materials can’t be measured in their uncontaminated state. This facility will resolve these deficiencies by being the first instrument in the United States to bring ARPES to the natural energy and temperature scales of most modern quantum materials as well as by connecting to remote growth facilities via an airplane-transportable customized vacuum suitcase. This instrument will thus allow for a tremendous acceleration in progress towards the community-identified Grand Challenge of measuring, controlling, designing, and synthesizing materials at the fundamental level of the electrons so as to develop the next generation of materials for quantum technologies and energy efficiency. It will give United States researchers a critical new toolset to take the lead in these critical fields of physics, chemistry, and materials science and engineering.Technical abstract:This project plans to develop the world’s lowest temperature and highest resolution ARPES instrument. ARPES is the most direct probe of the quantum behavior of electrons in a solid and is thus indispensable for modern-day physics, chemistry, and materials science research. Nevertheless, it remains limited by the energy and temperature scales of present-day technologies, and the surface sensitivity means that many materials can’t be measured in their uncontaminated state. This facility will resolve these deficiencies by being the first instrument in the US to bring ARPES to the natural energy (sub-meV) and temperature (sub-Kelvin) scales of most modern quantum materials as well as by connecting to remote growth facilities via an airplane-transportable customized vacuum suitcase utilizing standard flag-style sample holders. The instrument will make use of brand-new cryogenic technology developed in Colorado as well as an existing ultra-resolution laser source that will be utilized for the first few years. The plan is for the instrument to eventually move to a beamline at the Advanced Light Source Berkeley, which is being upgraded with a new ultra-resolution monochromator that will be matched to this ARPES instrument. This instrument will thus allow for a tremendous acceleration in progress towards the community-identified Grand Challenge of measuring, controlling, designing, and synthesizing materials at the fundamental level of the electrons so as to develop the next generation of materials for quantum technologies and energy efficiency. It will give United States researchers a critical new toolset to take the lead in these critical fields of physics, chemistry, and materials science and engineering.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.